ch 5 (skin)

Question 1

What are the 4 strata of the epidermis?

Answer 1

• stratum basale
• stratum spinosum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum corneum

Question 2

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Answer 2

• stratum basale
• stratum spinosum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum corneum

Question 3

fascia

Answer 3

the connective tissue around muscles and bones.

Question 4

lamellated corpuscles

Answer 4

nerve endings that are sensitive to pressure.

Question 5

What are the 4 principle types of cells in the epidermis?:

Answer 5

• keratinocytes
• melanocytes
• intraepidermal macrophages
• tactile epithelial cells

Question 6

stratum basale

Answer 6

• composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes.
• contains stem cells
• contains keratin intermediate filaments

Question 7

apoptosis

Answer 7

an orderly, genetically programmed cell death in which the nucleus fragments before the cells die.

Question 8

keratohyalin

Answer 8

it assembles keratin intermediate filaments into keratin (protein).

Question 9

stratum lucidum

Answer 9

• is present ONLY in thick skin (fingertips, palms, soles)
• 4-6 layers of flattened clear, dead keratinocytes that have more keratin.

Question 10

keratinization

Answer 10

the process of cells moving from one epidermal layer to the next, accumulating more and more keratin.

Question 11

dandruff

Answer 11

the excessive amount of keratinized cells shed from the scalp skin.

Question 12

stratum spinosum

Answer 12

• 8-10 rows of keratinocytes with bundles of keratin intermediate filaments
• contains projections of melanocytes and intraepidermal macrophages

Question 13

what tissue is the dermis made of?

Answer 13

• dense irregular CT containing collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 14

what are the cell types in the dermis?

Answer 14

• fibroblasts
• macrophages
• adipocytes

Question 15

what are the two regions of the dermis?

Answer 15

Papillary region and reticular region

Question 16

Papillary region

Answer 16

• consists of areolar connective tissue
• Contains collagen and elastic fibers
• dermal papillae
• contains dermal ridges that hold blood capillaries, corpuscles, and free nerve endings

Question 17

Reticular region

Answer 17

• consists of dense irregular connective tissue
• attached to the subcutaneous layer
• Contains collagen and elastic fibers
• contains things like nerves, fat, and hair follicles
• deep to the papillary region

Question 18

Extensibility

Answer 18

The ability to stretch

Question 19

Elasticity

Answer 19

The ability to return to original shape after stretching

Question 20

pheomelanin

Answer 20

yellow to red melanin pigment

Question 21

eumelanin

Answer 21

brown to black melanin pigment

Question 22

tyrosine, tyrosinase

Answer 22

• melanocytes synthesize melanin from the amino acid tyrosine in the presence of an enzyme called tyrosinase.

Question 23

hemoglobin

Answer 23

oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells.

Question 24

Anatomy of a hair

Answer 24

each chair is composed of columns of dead, keratinized, epidermal cells bonded together by extracellular proteins.

Question 25

shaft and root of the hair 3 concentric layers

Answer 25

medulla
cortex
cuticle

Question 26

sebaceous glands

Answer 26

• (oil glands)
• simple, branched acinar (rounded) glands
• connected to hair follicles

Question 27

sweat glands types

Answer 27

• eccrine
• apocrine

Question 28

thermoregulation

Answer 28

homeostatic regulation of body temperature

Question 29

why process does eccrine and apocrine glands use to secrete?

Answer 29

exocytosis

Question 30

what cells compose the nails?

Answer 30

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells

Question 31

true or false: the longer the digit, the faster the nail grows.

Answer 31

true!

Question 32

4 phases of deep wound healing:

Answer 32

• inflammatory phase
• migratory phase
• proliferative phase
• maturation phase

Question 33

4 phases of deep wound healing:

Answer 33

• inflammatory phase
• migratory phase
• proliferative phase
• maturation phase

Question 34

inflammatory phase of deep wound healing

Answer 34

a blood clot formation in the wound and loosely unites the wound edges.