Ch 9 Intelligence and Its Measurement

Question 1

What is intelligence?

Answer 1

• No uniform, widely accepted definition
• Acquire and apply knowledge
• Reason logically
• Plan effectively
• Grasp and visualize concepts
• Pay attention
• Being intuitive

Question 2

Intelligence: Views of Scholars, Summary [placeholder]

Answer 2

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Question 3

Interactionism

Answer 3

• Heredity & environment interact to influence intelligence (Binet, Wechsler)

Question 4

Factor-analytic

Answer 4

Identify abilities (or groups of ) that constitute intelligence

• What is processed?
• Spearman, Cattell & Horn

Question 5

Heredity

Answer 5

Francis Galton

• Heritability of intelligence
• Sensation and perception
• Best sensory abilities = most intelligent

–Sensory keenness

Question 6

Interactionism (Alfred Binet)

Answer 6

• Intelligence includes:
• Reasoning
• Judgement
• Memory
• Abstraction

Question 7

Interactionism (David Wechsler)

Answer 7

Stressed components

• Act purposefully
• Think rationally
• Deal effectively with environment

Assessment of non intellective factors

• Drive
• Persistence

Assessment focused on

• Verbal and performance tasks

Question 8

Factor - Analytic Theory

Answer 8

Speaman’s Two Factor Theory

• General intellectual ability (g)

– Measured by all IQ tests
– Abstract reasoning

• Specific factors

– Measured by individual IQ tests

Question 9

Factor Analystic Theories

Answer 9

Cattell & Horn

• Crystalized intelligence (Gc)

– Acquired skills and knowledge

– Cultural dependent

– Formal and informal education

Fluid intelligence (Gf)

• Nonverbal
• Culture-free
• Independent of instruction

Question 10

Hierarchical Modeling

Answer 10

Combines both single and multi-factor theories

Question 11

Measuring Intelligence [placeholder]

Answer 11

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Question 12

Measurement of infants include

Answer 12

Alerting (eyes brighten and widen)
- Orienting (turning towards stimulus)
- Habituation (looking away; assumes familiarity)

Question 13

Measurement of children and adults include

Answer 13

Verbal and nonverbal responses to similar constructs

• General information
• Vocabulary
• Visual memory
  -Attention

Question 14

Intelligence and Related Issues: Stability of Intelligence [placeholder]

Answer 14

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Question 15

Stability of IQ (assuming the same test)

Answer 15

• Infancy to adulthood - low stability
• Toddler to adulthood - low stability
• Childhood to adulthood - moderate to high

Question 16

Generally stable during adulthood

Answer 16

• Verbal intelligence most stable
• Delayed recall of newly acquired info least stable
• Common decline after age 75

Question 17

Flynn Effect

Answer 17

Average intelligence gains year to year from time test was normed

• Explanations
• Better education
• Improved nutrition

Question 18

Tests of intelligence [placeholder]

Answer 18

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Question 19

Ratio IQ vs. Deviation IQ [placeholder]

Answer 19

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Question 20

Ratio IQ

Answer 20

Ratio IQ (original Standford-Binet)

• Based on mental age (age of apparent functioning)
• MA means Mental Age
• CA means Chronological Age
• RIQ = (MA/CA x 100
• A child age of 3 (CA) can read
• On average age 6 (MA) is the reading age
• RIQ = (6/3) x 100 = 200

Question 21

Deviation IQ (starting with 3rd edition)

Answer 21

• Individual’s performance with that of the same age within the standardization sample
• SD’s away from the mean

Ex: If mean = 100 and SD = 16, a score 2 SD’s above the mean = 132 (deviation IQ)

Question 22

SB-5 (Current Edition; 2003

Answer 22

• Individually administered (ages 2 - 85+)
• FSIQ, VIQ & NVIQ Composites
• Mean = 100, SD = 15
• 10 subtests

– Mean = 10, SD = 3

Question 23

SB-5 (Current Edition; 2003

Answer 23

• Excellent standardization and psychometrics
• Improvements over SB-IV

– More high-end items (ceiling)

– More low-end items (floor)

– Nonverbal subtest rely less on expressive language

Question 24

SB- 5 Factors

Answer 24

• FSIQ
• Verbal IQ and nonverbal IQ

5 Factors each for verbal and nonverbal marching the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory

• Fluid Reasoning (Fluid Intelligence)
• Knowledge (Crystalized Knowledge)
• Quantitative Reasoning (Quantitative Knowledge)
• Visual-Spatial Processing (Visual Processing)
• Working Memory

Question 25

Wechsler Scales

Answer 25

David Wechsler

• Several new editions published since his death
• Include: WAIS, WISC, WPPSI, WASI, WMS
• All have a mean of 100 and SD of 15
• All psychometrically sound
• All have good standardization samples
• Currently the most popular IQ tests
• All individually given

Question 26

Wechsler Origination

Answer 26

• Precursor to WAIS (1939)
• Adult testing at Bellevue Hospital

Why not Stanford Binet (SB)?

• Mental age not relevant to adults
• Items classified by subtests, not age
• Designed specifically for adults

Question 27

More on Wechsler series

Answer 27

• VIQ and PIQ are gone
• “Warming” to CHC theory of intelligence
• Absent from WISC-IV and WAIS-IV
• Most recent versions include (g) and index scores

– General Ability index

– Verbal comprehension

– Perceptual reasoning/organization

– Working memory

– Processing speed

Question 28

The WASI

Answer 28

Weschler Abbreviated scale of Intelligence

• 2 forms: 2 or 4 subtest

Question 29

Screening tool

Answer 29

Used to identify traits and an imprecise level

• Used to determine the potential need for a more comprehensive assessment

Question 30

Creativity

Answer 30

is not rewarded because it encourages convergent thinking and not divergent thinking

You are suppose to delete other possibilities and narrow down your options to get the answer

Creativity is not best assessed through intelligence