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Psych 421 > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Roadmap [placeholder]

A

Testing vs Assessment

Parties involved in testing

Different types of testing/tests

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2
Q

What is a psychological assessment?

A

“Measurement is the assessment of numbers to objects or events according to rules” (Stevens)

“Measurement is the process of linking abstract concepts to empirical indicants” (Zeller & Carmines)

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3
Q

Psychological Assessment is…

A

The assessment of individual differences and personal experiences

  • Characteristics
  • Attitudes
  • Mental Health Symptoms
  • Behaviors

Some are “states” and some are “traits”

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4
Q

Measurement Process

A

Psychological Construct -> Measure -> Collect Raw Data

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5
Q

Testing In Psychology

A

Process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior

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6
Q

Psychological Assessment

A

Gathering and integrating psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation through tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures

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7
Q

The objective of testing

A

To obtain some gauge usually numerical in nature, regarding an ability or attribute

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8
Q

The objective of assessment

A

To answer a referral question, solve a problem, or arrive at a decision through the tools of evaluation

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9
Q

Dynamic Assessment

A

Typically employed in educational settings but may also be used in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and other settings

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10
Q

Stages of Dynamic Assessment

A

Evaluation -> Intervention -> Evaluation

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11
Q

Test

A

A psychological test is a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (e.g., intelligence, attitudes, personality, and interests)

Psychological tests vary by content, format, technical quality, and administration, scoring, and interpretation procedures

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12
Q

Content

A

The subject matter of the test varies with the focus of the particular test and based on the theoretical orientation of different test developers

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13
Q

Format

A

The form, plan, structure, layout of test items, and other considerations (e.g., time limits)

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14
Q

Administration

A

Tests may either involve the demonstration of certain tasks demanded of the assessed and trained observation of performance or may not require the involvement of test administrators

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15
Q

Scoring and Interpretation

A

Scoring of tests may be simple, such as summing responses to items

May require more elaborate procedures

Some tests results can be interpreted easily or interpreted by computer, whereas other tests require expertise for proper interpretation

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16
Q

Cut Score

A

A reference point, usually numerical, used to divide data into two or more classifications (e.g., pass or fail)

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17
Q

Psychometrics

A

The science of psychological measurement

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18
Q

Psychometric Soundness

A

How consistent and accurately the test measures what it claims to measure

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19
Q

Psychometrists or Psychometricians

A

Administers psychological and neuropsychological tests

20
Q

Interview

A

A method of gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange

21
Q

Portfolio

A

A file containing the products of one’s work; it may serve as a sample of one’s abilities and accomplishments

22
Q

Case history data

A

Information preserved in records, transcripts, and/or other forms

23
Q

Behavioral observation

A

Monitoring the actions of people through visual or electronic means

24
Q

Local processing

A

Scoring done on site

25
Q

Central processing

A

Scoring is done at a central location (specific or certain location)

26
Q

Reports can come in as…

A
  • Simple scoring report
  • Extended scoring report
  • Interpretive scoring report
  • Consultative report
  • Integrative report
27
Q

Computer-assisted psychological assessment (CAPA) and computer adaptive testing (CAT)

A

have allowed for tailor-made tests with built-in scoring and interpretive capabilities

28
Q

Advantages of internet testing

A
  1. Greater access to potential test users
  2. Scoring and interpretation tend to be quicker
  3. Costs tend to be lower
  4. Facilitates testing of otherwise isolated populations and people with disabilities
29
Q

Test developer

A

Creates tests for research studies, publications (as commercially available instruments), or modifications of existing tests

30
Q

Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

A

Covers issues related to test construction and evaluation, test administration and use, and special applications of tests such as considerations when testing linguistic minorities

31
Q

Test user

A

Tests are used by a wide range of professionals

32
Q

Test taker

A

Anyone who is the subject of an assessment or evaluation is a test taker

33
Q

Society at large

A

Test developers create tests to meet the needs of an evolving society

34
Q

Laws and courts

A

Decisions may play a major role in test development, administration, and interpretation

35
Q

Other parties

A

Organizations, companies, and governmental agencies sponsor the development of tests

36
Q

Educational Settings

A

Students undergo school ability tests and achievement tests

37
Q

Clinical Settings

A

Include hospitals, and outpatient clinics, private-practice consulting rooms, schools, and other institutions

38
Q

Counseling Settings

A

Includes schools, prisons, and governmental or privately owned institutions

39
Q

Geriatric Settings

A

Assessments that evaluate cognitive, psychological, adaptive, or other functioning; it focuses on the quality of life

40
Q

Business and military settings

A

Decisions regarding careers of personnel are made with a variety of achievement, aptitude, interest, motivational, and other tests

41
Q

Government and organizational credentialing

A

Include governmental licensing, certification, or general credentialing of professionals (e.g., attorneys, physicians, and psychologists)

42
Q

Obligations

A
  • Familiarity with test materials and procedures
  • Ensuring that the room in which the test will be conducted is suitable and conducive to the testing
  • Establish rapport during test administration
43
Q

Rapport

A

working relationship between the examiner and the examinee

44
Q

Accommodations

A

the adaptations of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test of another are essential to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs

45
Q

Test Manuals

A

Contain detailed information concerning the development of a particular test and technical information

46
Q

Journal Articles

A

Contains a review of a test, updated or independent studies of its psychometric soundness, or examples of how the instrument was used in either research or an applied context

47
Q

Online Databases [skip]

A

PsycINFO, ClinPSYC, PsycARTICLES, PsycSCAN

Psych 421 (15 decks)

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