Ch 4

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

Any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another

Question 2

Construct

Answer 2

An informed scientific concept developed or constructed to describe or explain behavior

Question 3

Overt behavior

Answer 3

Behavior that is observable and measurable

Question 4

Standardization

Answer 4

The process of administering a test to a representative sample of test takers for the purpose of establishing norms

Question 5

Sampling

Answer 5

Select a population for which the the test is intended, that has at least one common observable characteristic

Question 6

Stratified Sampling

Answer 6

Sampling that includes different subgroups, or strata, from the population

Ex: Ages (18-29; 30-39; 40-49 etc.)

Question 7

Stratified-random sampling

Answer 7

Every member of the population has an equal opportunity of being included in a sample

Question 8

Purposive sampling (deliberate sampling)

Answer 8

Selecting a sample that is believed to be representative of the population

Ex: (inpatients; experts)

Question 9

Incidental/convenience sampling

Answer 9

A sample that is convenient or available for use; may not be representative of the population (e.g., Psych111 students)

• Generalizations of convenience sampling must be made with caution

Question 10

Developing Norms

Answer 10

Test developers

• Administer the test with a set of standard instructions
• Recommend a setting for administering the test
• Collect and analyze data
• Summarize data using descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency and variability
• Provide a detailed description of the standardization sample

Question 11

Percentile

Answer 11

The percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score

– Percentiles are a popular method for organizing test-related data because they are easily calculated

Question 12

Types of Norms [placeholder]

Answer 12

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Question 13

Age Norms

Answer 13

Average performance of different samples of testtakers who were at various ages when test was administered

Question 14

Grade Norms

Answer 14

The average test performance of test takers in a given school grade

Question 15

National Norms

Answer 15

Derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted

Question 16

National anchor norms

Answer 16

An equivalency table for scores on two different tests; allows for a basis of comparison

Question 17

Subgroup norms

Answer 17

A normative sample can be segmented by any of the criteria initially used in selecting subjects for the sample

Question 18

Local norms

Answer 18

Provide normative information with respect to the local population’s performance on some test

Question 19

Norm referenced tests

Answer 19

Involve comparing individuals to the normative group

Ex: Percentile; 6yrs 5mo

Question 20

Criterion-referenced tests

Answer 20

Test takers are evaluated as to whether they meet a set standard

Ex: driver’s test