Ch 9 (Exam 2)

Question 1

behaviourism

Answer 1

• school concerned with observable behaviour defined in objective terms

Question 2

Jacques Loeb

Answer 2

• developed theory of animal behaviour based on concept of tropism

Question 3

tropism

Answer 3

• forced movement toward source of stimulation

Question 4

Willard Small

Answer 4

• first to use rate maze as method for studying learning

Question 5

Margaret Washburn

Answer 5

• wrote first book on comparative psych published in America called the Animal Mind

Question 6

Clever Hans

Answer 6

• horse whose amazing intellectual feats were due to unconscious cuing by owner

Question 7

connectionism

Answer 7

• theory of learning
• focuses on associations between situations and responses
• Edward Thorndike

Question 8

law of effect

Answer 8

• response is more likely in a situation because response produced satisfaction in situation
• Edward Thorndike

Question 9

law of exercise

Answer 9

• use of response in situation strengthens bond between response and situation
• Edward Thorndike

Question 10

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 10

• discovered conditioned reflex
• advocated objective approach to psychological phenomena
• Nobel prize for physiology

Question 11

conditioned reflex

Answer 11

• stimulus elicits response dependent on its relation to another stimulus

Question 12

unconditioned reflex

Answer 12

• stimulus elicits response independent of its relation to another stimulus

Question 13

Vladimir Bekhterev

Answer 13

• conducted pioneering research on motor reflexes
• advocated objective approach to psychological phenomena

Question 14

what year was behaviourism founded and with what publication?

Answer 14

• 1913
• with “Psychology as the Behaviourist Views It”

Question 15

4 basic tenets of Watson’s behaviourism

Answer 15

1. observable behaviour in objective terms
2. reject all mentalistic concepts and terms
3. reject introspection
4. prediction and control of behaviour

Question 16

3 forces brought together by Watson

Answer 16

1. philosophical traditions
2. functionalism
3. animal psychology

Question 17

Thorndike

Answer 17

• animal psychologist
• theory of connectionism
• reductionist
• puzzle box research
• gradual learning

Question 18

spontaneous recovery

Answer 18

• after a rest period the conditioned response spontaneously appears
• extinction inhibits the response

Question 19

problems with early animal research

Answer 19

• only a single case studied
• history of animal unknown
• observation is not repeated or regulated