Ch. 9: Basics of Nutrition Flashcards
What governmental agency regulates nutrition related affairs?
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
What are some of the effects of a poorly balanced diet?
- Skin disorders
- Fatigue
- Stress
- Depression
- Disease
What are Macronutrients?
- Nutrients that make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in.
- Three basic food groups: Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats
What are Proteins?
Chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth.
What does the body use proteins for?
- Duplication of DNA
- Make muscle tissue
- Make blood
- Make Enzymes
- Make keratin for hair, skin, nails
- Make collagen and elastin
How many common amino acids are there? How many are essential and nonessential?
20 Common amino acids / 9 Essential and 11 Nonessential
Define: Nonessential
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be obtained from the diet.
What are Carbohydrates?
Compounds that break down the basic chemical sugars and supply energy for the body.
What are Complimentary foods?
Combinations of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.
What is the most important Carbohydrate? Why?
Glucose, because it provides the majority of the body’s energy.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
The substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide.
What are Mucopolysaccharides?
Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders.
What are Glucosaminoglycans?
Water-binding substance between the fibers of the dermis.
What are the three(3) basic structural carbohydrate divisions?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
Describe Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.
(Ex: glucose, fructose)
[ sweets, syrups, honey, fruits, vegetables ]
Describe Disaccharides
Sugars made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose.
[ cereals, breads, flour, potatoes, rice, legumes, pasta ]
Describe Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
(Ex: fiber)
[ grain, bran, wheat, beans, apples, carrots, corn ]
What are the three(3) basic types of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars, Starches, and Fiber
Describe Simple Sugars
- Can be found in table sugar (sucrose)
- Fruit sugars (fructose)
- Milk sugars (lactose)
Describe Starches
Also called complex carbohydrates and are present in many vegetables and grains.
Describe Fiber
- Commonly called roughage and divided into two categories: soluble and insoluble.
- These carbohydrates aid in moving food particles from the digestive tract and into the colon.
A condition where blood glucose or blood sugar can drop too low without adequate carbohydrates.
Hypoglycemia
What are Fats?
- Also known as lipids, fats are macronutrients used to produce energy in the body
- The materials in the sebaceous glands that lubricate the skin.
- Organic compounds made up of a glycerol molecule and fatty acids.
What is the main fat in foods?
Triglycerides.