Ch. 11: Disorders & Diseases of the Skin Flashcards
Define: Dermatology
The branch of medical science that studies and treats the skin and its disorders and diseases.
What is a Dermatologist?
A physician who treats disorders and diseases of the skin.
What are Lesions?
Structural changes in the tissues caused by damage or injury.
What are Primary Lesions?
Are characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in the skin color such as Macule or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.
Bulla
Primary Lesion
- A large blister containing watery fluid.
Cyst
Primary Lesion
- A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter, above or below the skin.
Macule
Primary Lesion
- A flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or red spot, left after a pimple has healed. Neither raised nor sunken.
What are the 3 types of Lesions?
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
Nodules
Primary Lesion
- These are often referred to as tumors, but they are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infection.
Papule
Primary Lesion
- a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule.
- are less than half an inch (1.25 centimeters) in diameters
- may have a varied appearance in color and are either rounded, smooth, or rough.
Pustule
Primary Lesion
- an inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus, a fluid consisting of white blood cells, bacteria, & other debris.
- a small pus-containing blister that may or may not be caused by an infection.
Tubercle
Primary Lesion
- an abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.
Tumor
Primary Lesion
- a large nodule; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication, varying in size, shape, & color.
Vesicle
Primary Lesion
- a small blister sac containing clear fluid.
Wheal
Primary Lesion
- an itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings.
What are Secondary Lesions?
Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that change the structure of tissue or organs.
Crust
Secondary Lesion
- dead cells formed over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.
Excoriation
Secondary Lesion
- a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
Acne Exocriee
Secondary Lesion
- a disorder where clients purposefully scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring & discoloration.
Fissure
Secondary Lesion
- a crack in the skin that may penetrate into the dermis.
Keloid
Secondary Lesion
- a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.
- usually found in those that are genetically predisposed to them and may occur following an injury or surgery.
Scale
Secondary Lesion
- excessive shedding of dead skin cells; flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily.
Scar
Secondary Lesion
- discolored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.
- the tissue hardens to heal the injury. Thick, elevated scars are hypertrophic.
Ulcer
Secondary Lesion
- an open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus & loss of depth.
- a deep erosion or depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer.
Acne
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones & blemishes.
- common acne os known as acne simplex, or acne vulgaris.
Asteatosis
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency.
- can be due to aging, internal disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.
Comedo or Comedones
What is the difference between an open and closed comedo?
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- A noninflamed buildup of cells, sebum, & other debris inside follicles.
*
Furuncle
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- also known as a boil. A subcutaneous abscess filled with pus.
- Furuncles are caused by bacteria in glands or hair follicles.
Carbuncles
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- groups of boils
Milia
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- these epidermal cysts are small, firm, white papules.
- whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening.
- common in dry skin types.
- may form after skin trauma, such as laser resurfacing or chronic exposure to UV radiation.
- usually found around eyes, cheeks, and forehead.
- can be treated in a salon or day spa; must be lanced, or opened to be extracted.
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- Benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. They are often white, yellow, or flesh colored.
- doughnut-shaped with an indentation in the center.
- these harmless lesions cannot be removed by extraction, only surgically, or frozen off
Seborrhea
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- Severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- a skin condition characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness.
- red, flaky skin often appears in the eyebrows, in the scalp and hairline, the middle of the forehead, and along the aide of the nose.
Steatoma
Sebaceous Gland Disorder
- a sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum and ranging in size from a pea to an orange.
- usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back.
Anhidrosis
Sudoriferous Gland Disorder
- A deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands.
- often results from a fever or skin disease.
- requires medical attention.
Bromhidrosis
Sudoriferous Gland Disorder
- foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.
- caused by bacteria and yeast that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin.
Hyperhidrosis
Sudoriferous Gland Disorder
- excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions.
- also called diaphoresis
Malaria Rubra
Sudoriferous Gland Disorder
- also known as prickly heat.
- acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands.
- results in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.
What is Dermatitis?
- An inflammatory condition of the skin.
* various forms lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules.
Atopic Dermatitis
- is a chronic, relapsing form of dermatitis.
- irritants & allergens trigger reactions that include dry, cracking skin.
- redness, itching, & dehydration of the dermatitis make the condition worse.
