Ch. 5: Infection Contron: Principals & Practices Flashcards
Identify and Describe the acronym:
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet: information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.
Identify and Describe the acronym:
EPA
The Environmental Protection Agency: registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States.
What are Disinfectants?
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces.
What are Hospital Disinfectants?
Are effective for cleaning blood and bodily fluids. They can be used on any nonporous surface in the salon.
Define: Nonporous
An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.
Define: Disease
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal functions.
What are Tuberculocidal Disinfectants?
Disinfectants proven to kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
(A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing)
What is Tuberculosis?
A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.
Identify and Describe the acronym:
OSHA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration: was created as part of the U.S. Department of Labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workforce.
A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers.
Mycrobacterium Fortuitum
Define: Infectious
Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.
Define: Infection
The invasion of the body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
What is Infection Control?
Methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infections organisms.
Define: Clean
“Cleaning” is a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs from tools, implements, and equipment.
What is Disinfection?
The process of ‘disinfection’ destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces.
Define: Bactericidal
Capable of destroying bacteria.
Define: Virucidal
Capable of destroying viruses.
Define: Fungicidal
Capable of destroying fungi.
What is Bacteria?
Single-celled organisms that have both plant and animal characteristics.
What is a Microorganism?
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.
What are two primary types of bacteria?
BONUS:
Define them.
- Nonpathogenic: harmless organisms that may perform useful functions.
- Pathogenic: harmful microorganism stay can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body’s
What are the functions of Nonpathogenic Bacteria?
- Safe and does not cause disease or harm.
- Used to make yogurt.
- Can exist almost everywhere: skin, under your nails, water, air, decayed matter, environmental surfaces, body secretions, and clothing.
Transmission of blood or bodily fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Direct Transmission
Transmission of blood or bodily fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.
Indirect Trransmission
A nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms.
Germs
What are Parasites?
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as a host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.
What are Toxins?
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms.
Virus
What are the 3 distinct shapes to help identify bacteria?
Cocci, Bacilli, and Spirilla
Describe the appearance of Cocci?
Cocci: round-shaped bacteria that appears singly (alone) or in groups.
List and describe the 3 forms of Cocci.
- Staphylococci: pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
- Streptococci: pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads
- Diplococci: a spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such a pneumonia.
Identify and Describe the acronym:
HCS
Hazard Communication Standard: which requires that chemical manufacturers and importers assess and communicate the potential hazards associated with their products.
Describe the appearance of Bacilli.
Short rod-shaped bacteria.
- They are the most common bacteria produced in diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Describe the appearance of Spirilla.
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria.
- They are subdivided into subgroups, such as treponema pallidum, which causes syphilis, and borrelia burgdorferi, which ch causes Lyme disease.
Define: Motility
Self-Movement
What are Flagella?
Also known as Cilia; slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion.
What is Binary Fission?
The division of bacteria cells into two new daughter cells.
A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection. Characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.
Inflammation
A fluid created by infection.
Pus
What is a Local Infection?
An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.
Identify and describe the acronym:
MRSA?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.
- A type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics.
Define: Allergy
Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances.
A disease that is spread from one person to another person.
Contagious Disease
Define: Contamination
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin
Define: Decontamination
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.
What is a Diagnosis?
Determination of the nature of a disease from it’s symptoms and/or diagnostics tests.
What is an Exposure Incident?
Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employees duties
What is an Infectious Disease?
Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. An infectious disease may or may not be spread from one person to another.
What is an Occupational Disease?
Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.
What is a Parasitic Disease?
Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites.
What is a Pathogenic Disease?
Disease produced by organisms including bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
What is a Systemic Disease?
Disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system.
Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Bloodborne Pathogens
Identify and describe the acronym:
HPV?
- Also known as Human Papillomavirus or Plantar Warts.
- This virus can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups.
- It is highly contagious, difficult to kill, and can be passed from client to client by the use of contaminated devices, implements, and tools.
A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.
Hepatitis
Identify and Describe the Acronym:
OSHA?
“The Occupational Safety and Health Administration” was created as part of the U.S. Department of Labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace.
What is AIDS?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system.
Microscopic plant parasites that include molds, mildews, and yeasts.
Fungi
Another fungus, affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon.
Mildew
The fungi that requires keratin for growth and causes skin, nail, and hair infections.
Dermatophytes
A ringworm fungus of the foot or athlete’s foot.
Tinea Pedis
What is Folliculitis?
- Commonly known as Folliculitis barbae, Sycosis barbae, or Barber’s Itch.
- Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.
- Caused typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epithelial methods.
Also known as sun spots. Characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and are often on arms and legs.
Tinea Versicolor
A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.
Scabies
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection.
Immunity
List and describe two types of Immunity?
- Natural Immunity: is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
- Acquired Immunity: is immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (flu vaccinations), exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.
What is an Autoclave?
A device for sterilization by steam under pressure.
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Sterilization.
Define: Efficacy
The ability to produce an effect.
The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization.
Bioburden
What is complete immersion & how long should an item sit in the disinfectant?
Complete Immersion means there is enough liquid in the container to cover all surfaces of the item. Let the item sit in the disinfectant for 10 minutes or for the time recommended by the manufacturer.
What are Quaternary Ammonium Compounds?
- Also known as quats.
- Are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon or spa.
- Quat solutions usually disinfect implements for 10 min.
What are Phenolic Disinfectants?
A powerful tuberculocidal disinfectant.
What is the chemical term for household bleach?
Sodium Hypochlorite
List at least 5 safety tips you should remember when using disinfectants.
- Keep MSDS on hand for the disinfectants you use.
- Wear gloves and safety glasses when mixing disinfectants.
- Avoid skin and eye contact.
- Add disinfectant to water rather then adding water to the disinfectant.
- Use tongs, gloves, or a draining basket to remove implements from disinfectants.
- Keep out of reach of children.
- Carefully measure products according to label instructions.
- Follow manufacturer’s instructions for mixing, using, and disposing of disinfectants.
- Carefully follow directions for when to replace the disinfectant solution. Replace every day.
NEVER:
* Let disinfectants come into contact with your skin.
Also known as reusable. Items can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or bodily fluid.
Multiuse Item
Also known as disposable. Item cannot be used more than once.
Single-use Item
An item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. These items are absorbent.
Porous
What occurs when you, the esthetician, touch an object such as the skin without cleaning your hands, and then touch an object or product with the same hand or utensil?
Cross-Contamination
The process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination.
Aseptic Procedure
What are Chelating Soaps?
- Also known as Chelating Detergents.
* Work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
Germicides formulated for use on skin and are registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
Antiseptics
A system of precautions developed by a Seattle hospital in 1987 to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of communicable disease.
Body Substance Isolation
Protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens.
Ex: gloves, lab coat, goggles, face mask, etc..
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Define: Asymptomatic
Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.
Contact or exposure with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties.
Exposure Incident
- Precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client’s blood, bodily fluids, secretions (except sweat), excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely.
- Workers must assume that all bodily fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk.
Standard Precautions (SP)
A set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Universal Precautions (UP)
Define: Asymptomatic
Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.
