Ch. 8: Basics Of Electricity

Question 1

Define: Electricity

Answer 1

• The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy.
• A form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.

Question 2

What is an Electric Current?

Answer 2

The flow of electricity along a conductor.

Question 3

What is a Conductor?

Answer 3

Any substance, material, or medium that easily conducts/transmits electricity.

Question 4

What is an Insulator?

Answer 4

A substance that does not conduct/transmit electricity.

Question 5

The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating original source is called ______.

Answer 5

A Complete Electric Circuit

Question 6

What are two kinds of electric current?

Answer 6

• Direct Current (DC)

* Alternating Current (AC)

Question 7

Describe Direct Current (DC)

Answer 7

A constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only.
(Ex: flashlights, cellular telephones, and cordless handheld devices)

Question 8

Describe Alternating Current (AC)

Answer 8

A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

Question 9

The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.

Answer 9

Volt (V)

Question 10

The unit that measures the amount of an electric current (quantity of electrons flowing through a conductor).

Answer 10

Ampere / Amp (A)

Question 11

One-thousandth of an ampere.

Answer 11

Milliampere (mA)

Question 12

The unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.

Answer 12

Ohm (O)

Question 13

A measurement of how much electric energy is being used in 1 second.

Answer 13

Watt (W)

[Ex: 40-watt light bulb uses 40 watts of energy per second]

Question 14

1000 watts

Answer 14

Kilowatt (K)

Question 15

What is a Rectifier?

Answer 15

An apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.

Question 16

What is a Converter?

Answer 16

An apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.

Question 17

What is the purpose of a Fuse?

Answer 17

It prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

Question 18

What is a circuit breaker?

Answer 18

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload.

Question 19

Define: Grounding

Answer 19

The ground connection completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground.

Question 20

What is Electrotherapy?

Answer 20

The use of electrical devices to treat the skin and for therapeutic benefits.

Question 21

What are Modalities?

Answer 21

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.

Question 22

What is an Electrode?

Answer 22

An applicator for directing the electric current from an electrotherapy device to a clients skin.

Question 23

Define: Polarity

Answer 23

Indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current.

Question 24

Define: Anode

Answer 24

A positive electrode

Question 25

Define: Cathode

Answer 25

A negative electrode

Question 26

What is a Galvanic Current?

Answer 26

* A constant and direct current. * Uses a positive and negative pole to produce the chemical reactions (desincrustation) and ionic reactions (iontophoresis).

Question 27

What is the Active Electrode?

Answer 27

Electrode of an electro therapy device that is used on the area to be treated.

Question 28

What is the Inactive Electrode?

Answer 28

The opposite pole from the active electrode.

Question 29

Define: Iontophoresis

Answer 29

The process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current.

Question 30

Define: Cataphoresis

Answer 30

Process of forcing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.

Question 31

Define: Anaphoresis

Answer 31

The process of infusing a negative (alkaline) product into the skin.

Question 32

Define: Desincrustation

Answer 32

A form of Anaphoresis, and is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicle.

Question 33

Define: Microcurrent

Answer 33

An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's own natural electrical impulses.

Question 34

Also known as Violet Ray, this current is a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration.

Answer 34

Tesla High-Frequency Current

Question 35

What are the benefits of the Tesla high-frequency current?

Answer 35

* Stimulates blood circulation * Increases elimination and absorption * Increases Metabolism * Improves germicidal action * Relieves congestion

Question 36

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

Answer 36

A form of energy that travels through space in waves and has both electric and magnetic properties.

Question 37

What is the term for an electromagnetic radiation that we can see.

Answer 37

Visible Light

Question 38

Define: Wavelength

Answer 38

The distance between two successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.

Question 39

Describe long wavelengths.

Answer 39

* Low frequency * Penetrates deeper, * Have less energy.

Question 40

Describe short wavelengths.

Answer 40

* High frequency * Penetrate less * Have more energy

Question 41

Light that the naked eye cannot perceive.

Answer 41

Invisible Light

Question 42

Light that produces heat beyond the red light of the spectrum.

Answer 42

Infrared Light

Question 43

What are invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays, produce chemical effects and kill germs.

Answer 43

Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)

Question 44

Describe Ultraviolet A (UVA)

Answer 44

Has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates directly into the dermis damaging collagen and elastin.

Question 45

Describe Ultraviolet B (UVB)?

Answer 45

Is often called the burning Ray, because it is most associated with sunburns.

Question 46

Describe Ultraviolet C (UVC)

Answer 46

UVC is blocked by the ozone layer. If the Earth loses the protective layer of the ozone, life will no longer exist as we know it.

Question 47

What is Light Therapy?

Answer 47

Also know as Phototherapy; it is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

Question 48

What is a Laser?

Answer 48

A medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.

Question 49

What is the acronym for a Laser?

Answer 49

Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation.

Question 50

Define: Photothermolysis

Answer 50

Process by which light from a laser is turned into heat.

Question 51

What is an LED?

Answer 51

A device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.

Question 52

What is the acronym for LED?

Answer 52

Light-emitting diode.

Question 53

What is Chromophore?

Answer 53

A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin.

Question 54

What are the functions of blue, red, yellow, and green LED light?

Answer 54

* Blue: to reduce acne. * Red: to increase circulation and improve collagen and elastin production. * Yellow: to reduce swelling and inflammation. * Green: to reduce hyperpigmentation.

Question 55

What is an Intense Pulse Light?

Answer 55

A medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light.

Question 56

What does an Intense Pulse Light treat?

Answer 56

Spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.