Ch. 8: Basics Of Electricity Flashcards
Define: Electricity
- The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy.
- A form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.
What is an Electric Current?
The flow of electricity along a conductor.
What is a Conductor?
Any substance, material, or medium that easily conducts/transmits electricity.
What is an Insulator?
A substance that does not conduct/transmit electricity.
The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating original source is called ______.
A Complete Electric Circuit
What are two kinds of electric current?
- Direct Current (DC)
* Alternating Current (AC)
Describe Direct Current (DC)
A constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only.
(Ex: flashlights, cellular telephones, and cordless handheld devices)
Describe Alternating Current (AC)
A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.
Volt (V)
The unit that measures the amount of an electric current (quantity of electrons flowing through a conductor).
Ampere / Amp (A)
One-thousandth of an ampere.
Milliampere (mA)
The unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.
Ohm (O)
A measurement of how much electric energy is being used in 1 second.
Watt (W)
[Ex: 40-watt light bulb uses 40 watts of energy per second]
1000 watts
Kilowatt (K)
What is a Rectifier?
An apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.
What is a Converter?
An apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
What is the purpose of a Fuse?
It prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
What is a circuit breaker?
A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload.
Define: Grounding
The ground connection completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground.
What is Electrotherapy?
The use of electrical devices to treat the skin and for therapeutic benefits.
What are Modalities?
Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.
What is an Electrode?
An applicator for directing the electric current from an electrotherapy device to a clients skin.
Define: Polarity
Indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current.
Define: Anode
A positive electrode
Define: Cathode
A negative electrode
What is a Galvanic Current?
- A constant and direct current.
- Uses a positive and negative pole to produce the chemical reactions (desincrustation) and ionic reactions (iontophoresis).
What is the Active Electrode?
Electrode of an electro therapy device that is used on the area to be treated.
What is the Inactive Electrode?
The opposite pole from the active electrode.
Define: Iontophoresis
The process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current.
Define: Cataphoresis
Process of forcing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.
Define: Anaphoresis
The process of infusing a negative (alkaline) product into the skin.
Define: Desincrustation
A form of Anaphoresis, and is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicle.
Define: Microcurrent
An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s own natural electrical impulses.
Also known as Violet Ray, this current is a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration.
Tesla High-Frequency Current
What are the benefits of the Tesla high-frequency current?
- Stimulates blood circulation
- Increases elimination and absorption
- Increases Metabolism
- Improves germicidal action
- Relieves congestion
What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
A form of energy that travels through space in waves and has both electric and magnetic properties.
What is the term for an electromagnetic radiation that we can see.
Visible Light
Define: Wavelength
The distance between two successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.
Describe long wavelengths.
- Low frequency
- Penetrates deeper,
- Have less energy.
Describe short wavelengths.
- High frequency
- Penetrate less
- Have more energy
Light that the naked eye cannot perceive.
Invisible Light
Light that produces heat beyond the red light of the spectrum.
Infrared Light
What are invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays, produce chemical effects and kill germs.
Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
Describe Ultraviolet A (UVA)
Has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates directly into the dermis damaging collagen and elastin.
Describe Ultraviolet B (UVB)?
Is often called the burning Ray, because it is most associated with sunburns.
Describe Ultraviolet C (UVC)
UVC is blocked by the ozone layer. If the Earth loses the protective layer of the ozone, life will no longer exist as we know it.
What is Light Therapy?
Also know as Phototherapy; it is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
What is a Laser?
A medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.
What is the acronym for a Laser?
Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation.
Define: Photothermolysis
Process by which light from a laser is turned into heat.
What is an LED?
A device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.
What is the acronym for LED?
Light-emitting diode.
What is Chromophore?
A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin.
What are the functions of blue, red, yellow, and green LED light?
- Blue: to reduce acne.
- Red: to increase circulation and improve collagen and elastin production.
- Yellow: to reduce swelling and inflammation.
- Green: to reduce hyperpigmentation.
What is an Intense Pulse Light?
A medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light.
What does an Intense Pulse Light treat?
Spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.
