Ch 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria

Question 1

______ ionize essentially completely in a solvent,

Answer 1

Strong electrolytes

Question 2

____________ ionize only partially.

Answer 2

weak
electrolytes

Question 3

is produced in the reaction of
an acid with a base

Answer 3

Salt

Question 4

An ____ donates protons. A _____
accepts protons

Answer 4

acid, base

Question 5

A ______ is formed when an
acid loses a proton.

Answer 5

conjugate base

Question 6

______ is formed when
a base accepts a proton.

Answer 6

conjugate acid

Question 7

Species that have both acidic and basic properties

Answer 7

amphiprotic

Question 8

_________ behave as acids
in the presence of basic solutes and
bases in the presence of acidic solutes.

Answer 8

Amphiprotic solvents

Question 9

a species that has both a positive and a negative
charge.

Answer 9

zwitterion

Question 10

Suggested the greenhouse effect

Answer 10

Svante Arrhenius

Question 11

also called autoionization, is the spontaneous reaction of molecules of a substance to give
a pair of ions.

Answer 11

Autoprotolysis

Question 12

The _____ is the hydrated
proton formed when water reacts
with an acid. It is usually formulated
as H3O1,

Answer 12

hydronium ion

Question 13

In a ___________, various
acids dissociate to different degrees
and have different strengths.

Answer 13

differentiating solvent

Question 14

In a _________, several acids are
completely dissociated and show the
same strength.

Answer 14

leveling solvent

Question 15

in which the ratio of concentrations of reactants and products is constant.

Answer 15

chemical equilibrium

Question 16

are algebraic equations that describe the concentration relationships among reactants and products at equilibrium.

Answer 16

Equilibrium-constant expressions

Question 17

______________ states that the
position of an equilibrium always shifts
in such a direction as to relieve a stress
that is applied to the system.

Answer 17

Le Châtelier’s principle

Question 18

The ________ is a shift in the
position of an equilibrium caused by
adding one of the reactants or products
to a system.

Answer 18

mass-action effect

Question 19

____________ is a
branch of chemistry that concerns the
flow of heat and energy in chemical
reactions. The position of a chemical
equilibrium is related to these energy
changes.

Answer 19

Chemical thermodynamics

Question 20

Why [H2O] Does Not Appear in Equilibrium-Constant Expressions
for Aqueous Solutions

Answer 20

water is present as a pure liquid or as the solvent when all other reactants and products are dilute, because its activity is then the constant 1.

Also, The percent change in water concentration is insignificant.

Question 21

The concentration of a compound in its solid state is _____ thus, it does not appear in the equilibrium experession

Answer 21

constant

Question 22

The solubility of an ionic precipitate
decreases when a soluble compound
containing one of the ions of the
precipitate is added to the solution

Answer 22

common-ion effect

Question 23

relate the equilibrium concentrations of various species in
a solution to one another and to the analytical concentrations of the various solutes.

Answer 23

Mass-balance equations

Question 24

mass-balance expression that accounts for all sources of protons.

Answer 24

proton balance
equation

Question 25

The of a solution is defined as the number of moles of a
strong acid or a strong base that causes 1.00 L of the buffer to undergo a 1.00-unit
change in pH

Answer 25

buffer capacity, b,