Ch 8 Sampling, Standardization, and Calibration

Question 1

is used for samples whose
masses are greater than 0.1 g

Answer 1

macro analysis

Question 2

is performed on samples
in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 g,

Answer 2

semimicro analysis

Question 3

is performed on samples in the range 10^-4 to 10^-2 g.

Answer 3

micro analysis

Question 4

For samples whose mass is less than 1024 g, the term is sometimes used.

Answer 4

ultramicro
analysis

Question 5

are those present in the range of 1 to 100% by mass.

Answer 5

Major constituents

Question 6

species present in
the range of 0.01 to 1% are usually termed

Answer 6

Minor constituents

Question 7

Samples in amounts between 100 ppm (0.01%) and 1 ppb are called

Answer 7

trace constituents.

Question 8

Components present in amounts lower than 1 ppb are usually considered to be

Answer 8

ultratrace
constituents

Question 9

If the interferences are caused by
extraneous species in the matrix, they are often called

Answer 9

Matrix effect

Question 10

is often the most difficult
aspect of an analysis.

Answer 10

Sampling

Question 11

The process by which a
representative fraction is acquired is termed

Answer 11

sampling

Question 12

The sampling process must ensure that the items chosen are representative of
the bulk of material or population. The items chosen for analysis are often
called

Answer 12

sampling units or sampling increments

Question 13

In __________, a sample population is
reduced in size to an amount of homogeneous
material that can be conveniently
handled in the laboratory and
whose composition is representative of
the population.

Answer 13

sampling

Question 14

chemists usually call the collection of sampling units or increments the

Answer 14

gross sample.

Question 15

For analysis in the laboratory, the gross sample is usually reduced in size and homogenized
to create the

Answer 15

laboratory sample

Question 16

Steps in obtaining a
laboratory sample.

Answer 16

1. Identify the
   population
2. Collect a
   gross sample
3. Reduce the gross
   sample to a
   laboratory sample

Question 17

is a miniature replica of the entire mass of material to be
analyzed. It should correspond to the bulk material in chemical composition and in
particle-size distribution if the sample is composed of particles.

Answer 17

Gross sample

Question 18

The number of particles required
in a gross sample ranges from a
few particles to ____- particles.

Answer 18

10^-12