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ACAAI BOARD REVIEW BOOK > Ch. 9 Allergens and Antigens > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Allergens and Antigens Flashcards

1
Q

what is the size range for most significant allergens?

A

10-60 um

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2
Q

what is the microscope magnification used to count pollen? fungi?

A

400x; 1000x respectively

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3
Q

what is the major allergens for Bahia?

A

Pas n 1, 13

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4
Q

True of False: Bahia and Johnson have significant cross-reactivity

A

False; their cross-reactivity is limited

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5
Q

what is the major allergen used in timothy grass slit tablets?

A

Phl p5; major allergens Phl p 1-13

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6
Q

Bermuda major allergens

A

Cyn d 1-14

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7
Q

Johnson major allergens

A

Sor h 1-14

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8
Q

Rye major allergens

A

Lol p 1-14

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9
Q

Bluegrass major allergens

A

Poa p 1-14

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10
Q

Ragweed major allergen

A

Amb a 1-10, profilin, and cystatin; Amb a 1 in ragweed slit

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11
Q

Mugwort major allergen

A

Art v 1-3 and profilin

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12
Q

what pollen grain is 20-35 um, spherical and periporate, like a golfball?

A

chenopods (lambs quarter) and amaranth (pigweed); also winscal or salbush, burning bush and russian thistle (may be the most imp cause of hay fever among chenopods)

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13
Q

what food pollen associations are most common with Ambrosia?

A

aka ragweed; banana, cantaloupe and watermelon

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14
Q

what are in the artemesia family? food-pollen relationships?

A

mugwort and sage; celery, spice, peach and mustard

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15
Q

what is a common allergen in the Mississippi River Basin?

A

Marshelder (Iva)

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16
Q

what is urticaceae? and where is it an important aeroallergen?

A

nettle; important in Europe; one of the smallest pollens (12-16 um)

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17
Q

what pollen has a “donut” appearance

A

Plantain

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18
Q

major allergen of Ash?

A

Fra a 1

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19
Q

major allergen of Birch

A

Bet v 1-7

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20
Q

major allergen of mountain cedar?

A

Jun a 1-3

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21
Q

major allergen of oak?

A

Que a 1

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22
Q

major allergen of olive?

A

Ole e 1-8

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23
Q

Major allergen of sycamore?

A

pla a 1

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24
Q

what trees belong to the Oleaceae family

A

ash, olive, privet and russian olive; significant cross-reactivity

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25
Q

what trees belong to the Betulaceae family?

A

Birch, alder, hazelnut and hornbeam

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26
Q

food pollen relationships with birch

A

almond, apple, apricot, celery, cherry, coriander, hazelnut, kiwi, nectarine, parsley, parsnip, pear, pepper, plum, peach, potato and walnut

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27
Q

what trees belong to the Cupressaceae fam?

A

mountain cedar, juniper, cypress

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28
Q

what is unique about moutain cedar? what does the pollen characteristically appear as

A

pollinates in winter; “cedar fever”; pac man shape when exine cracks open

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29
Q

what trees belong to the Fagaceae family?

A

oak, beech and chestnut

30
Q

what other trees do oak cross-react with?

A

other Fagaceae members (beech and chestnut), but also birch and other Betulaceae members

31
Q

pollen that looks like a watermelon?

A

Sycamore

32
Q

why is pine pollen rarely implicated in allergy?

A

size; too large; 50-100 um

33
Q

what are two important members of the Aceraceae family and what is a distinguishing characteristic?

A

Maple and box elder; maple is insect pollinated; box elder is wind pollinated; pollen looks like a “beach ball”

34
Q

which species of trees pollinates in the fall?

A

Elm, except American Elm which pollinates in the expected spring months

35
Q

what tree bark is used to make aspirin?

A

Willow; willow is also entemophilous, making it a less relevant allergen

36
Q

what pollen looks like a pink lemon?

A

mulberry

37
Q

what division of fungal taxonomy do most allergenic fungi fall within?

A

ascomycota; sexual spores that form ascus or “sacs”; considered a “rainy day sexual spore”

38
Q

what fungal division does mucor and rhizopus fall under?

A

Zygomycota; asexual spores; found on soils, leaves and damp interiors; mucor can be an infection in diabetes patients

39
Q

what fungi are part of the basidiomycota

A

puffballs, mushrooms, rust and smuts

40
Q

what type of day are alternaria counts going to be the highest?

A

dry windy days; late summer-fall

41
Q

what allergen sensitization has been associated with life-threatening asthma exacerbations?

A

alternaria

42
Q

this allergen is the most abundant spore in temperate areas of the world; pollen looks like a chain of cigars; dry day spore and is prevalent indoors as well

A

cladosporium

43
Q

what is a common indoor mold that produces mycotoxins and is implicated in a severe respiratory illness

A

aspergillus and ABPA

44
Q

which two mold spores are often indistinguishable, unless grown in culture

A

aspergillus (paintbrush appearance) and penicillium (priest wand-thing)

45
Q

perhaps an undervalued dry-day mold spore in allergic disease; looks like a brown “warty” soccer ball

A

Epicoccum

46
Q

what is the name of “black mold”

A

Stachybotrys; toxin-producing; found in water-damaged areas indoors

47
Q

what are the 3 common dry day spores

A

Alternaria, cladosporium and epicoccum (ACE)

48
Q

what is a relevant dust mite in tropical locales (FL, Peurto Rico and Brazil)?

A

Blomia tropicalis

49
Q

what is the dust mite allergen implicated in shrimp allergy

A

Der p 10

50
Q

how much mite levels does it take for an atopic-predisposed person to become sensitized?

A

2 ug/g of dust

51
Q

what is the homology of Der p1 and Der f1? Der p 2 and Der f 2?

A

80% and 88% respectively

52
Q

what are the minor cat allergens?

A

Fel d 2 (albumin); Fel d 3

53
Q

what amount of cat allergen is required for sensitization? risk factor for asthma?

A

2 ug/g; >10 ug/g may be risk factor for asthma in sensitive individual

54
Q

what dog allergen is cross-reactive to human prostate-specific antigen and if sensitized to, could increase ons risk of reacting to seminal fluid?

A

Can f 5 (kallikrein)

55
Q

major dog allergen

A

Can f 1; lipocalin found in salive and hair/dander

56
Q

what is the most common cockroach in crowded North American cities? what concentration/amount is associated with sensitization and disease?

A

Blattella germanica; >10 ug/g of dust

57
Q

what is a major outdoor pollutant involved in asthma exacerbations?

A

ozone; can increase airway neutrophils, IL6, IL8, leukotrienes and PGs and potentiates allergen challenges

58
Q

what is both and indoor and outdoor pollutant that comes from burning fossil fuels, including natural gas

A

NO2; precursor to photochemical smog; increased allergen response at 0.4 ppm

59
Q

what branch of the FDA licenses allergen extracts?

A

CEBR (center for biologics evaluation and research)

60
Q

At what air quality index would you expect a sensitive individual to experience symptoms?

A

at 101-150; level orange

61
Q

what is level red air quality index? purple? Maroon?

A

Red=unhealty= 151-200; purple=very unhealthy=201-300; maroon=hazardous=301-500

62
Q

what are 2 commonly used units in immunotherapy for non-standardized extracts?

A

W/V and PNU/mL

63
Q

what are the standardized proteins in venom extracts?

A

hyaluronidase and phospholipase

64
Q

what is the role of glycerin? phenol?

A

stabilization; anti-microbial

65
Q

what temp should allergens be stored ta?

A

2-8 C or 36-45 F

66
Q

True or false: a more dilute extract will lose potency more quickly than a concentrated extract

A

True.

67
Q

True or false: a lower volume storage vial will maintain potency for longer

A

False. the greater surface volume relative to volume in the vial may increase loss of potency

68
Q

which pollen has starch inclusion granules?

A

dock or sorrel (Rumex)

69
Q

which mold spores are more prevalent on rainy days

A

Fusarium, basidiomycota (smuts, rusts, mushrooms and puffballs) and ascomycota

70
Q

what is the major mouse allergen? Source

A

Mus m 1; lipocalin; from urine of male

71
Q

what is the mechanism of pigeon feeder and bird fancier’s HSP?

A

An IgG-mediated response to avian serum gamma globulin

72
Q

What diluent reduces allergen adsorption to vial surfaces?

A

human serum albumin

ACAAI BOARD REVIEW BOOK (9 decks)

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