Ch 3 Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology Flashcards
what is the hematopoeitic growth factor necessary for development of B and T cells and what cells is it produced by?
IL-7; produced by stromal cells of bone marrow
what % of total body lymphocytes are contained in the spleen?
25%
True or False: The spleen has afferent and efferent lymphatics?
False, there is no afferent lymphatic system to the spleen; antigens and lymphocytes enter spleen through splenic artery; there is efferent lymphatic vessels that carry lymphocytes out of the spleen
what is Waldeyer’s ring?
peripharyngeal lymphoid ring (containing tonsils and adenoids)
what is a concha bullosa?
pneumatization of the concha; common derangement in sinonasal anatomy
what is the clinical phenotype of primary ciliary dyskinesia?
AR defect in function of cilia of respiratory tract lining, fallopian tubes and flagella of sperm; leads to recurrent infections due to poor mucus clearance, bronchiectasis, infertility and occasionally hearing loss
which sinuses are present at birth?
ethmoid and maxillary ; sphenoid sinuses develop around age 3 and frontal around age 6
which sinuses drain into the middle meatus
Frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoids
which sinuses drain above superior turbinate?
posterior ethmoids, sphenoid (into sphenoethmoidal recess)
what is an agger nasi cell?
anterior ethmoid air cells above middle turbinate; sinus anatomy variant
what is a haller cell?
extramural ethmoid air cell found on floor of orbit
what is an onodi cell?
sphenoethmoid air cell found in close proximity to the internal carotid artery and optic nerve
what are curschmanns spirals?
corkscrew shaped twists of condensed mucus, often appreciated in sputum of asthmatics
what are creola bodies?
clusters of surface epithelial cells that can be seen in sputum of asthmatics?
what do sputum macrophages and neutrophils indicate in the COPD patient
infections leading to exacerbations
