Board Review Course

Question 1

What are the 5 broad families of pattern recognition receptors?

Answer 1

leucine rich repeat (TLRs & NLRs), RNA sensing RIG-I receptors (RLRs), DEeD/Hbox Helicase (DDX), PYHIN, C type lectin receptors (CLRs)

Question 2

What PRRs are on the cell surface?

Answer 2

TLRs, CLRs

Question 3

What PRRs are on endosomal surface?

Answer 3

TLRs

Question 4

What PRRs are cytoplasmic?

Answer 4

RLRs, NLRs

Question 5

What are the CD markers for flow for TRECs?

Answer 5

CD4+, CD45RA, CD31+

Question 6

What is the cut off that is considered absolute lymphopenia in infants? T cell lymphopenia cut off?

Answer 6

<3000 cells/mm3; <2000 cells/mm3, respectively

Question 7

What is sensitivity?

Answer 7

% of positive tests that indicate actual presence of disease; TP/TP+FN x 100

Question 8

What is specificity?

Answer 8

% of negative tests that correspond with absence of disease; TN/TN + FP x 100

Question 9

What is positive predictive value?

Answer 9

the frequency of disease in all patients with a positive test; TP/TP+FP x 100

Question 10

What is negative predictive value?

Answer 10

frequency of patients without disease in all patients with a negative test; TN/TN+FN x 100

Question 11

What is the mutation in TRAPs?

Answer 11

TNFRSF1A (encodes p55 receptor); dominant mutation; weeks of fever, serositis, arthritis, migratory rash and periodontal edema

Question 12

hyper IgD

Answer 12

mutation in MVK; early life fevers, diarrhea, cervical adenopathy and apthuous ulcers; triggered by stress, imms, etc. Dutch and Northern Europeans

Question 13

what is the difference between tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy?

Answer 13

these two forms (caused by the same mycobacteria) are on polarized ends of the spectrum depending on their initial immune response. Tuberculoid leprosy is Th1 response with granulomas that can cause nerve damage, but otherwise well-contained and low infectivity. Lepromatous leprosy has a Th2 response that leads to poor control of the infection and widespread tissue destruction and macrophages do not get activated to kill the pathogen. Hypergamm and often anergy to M. leprae and other pathogens

Question 14

what viral protein is expressed by EBV virus that acts as a defense mechanism and can produce anergy in the host?

Answer 14

vIL-10, homologous to IL-10 which can inhibit a Th1 type response

Question 15

how does the measles virus induce anergy as a defensive mechanism?

Answer 15

binds to CD46 on monocytes and inhibits their production of IL12