Ch. 9 Flashcards
Wave
A repeating disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space
The periodic disturbance of the particles of a substance that may be propagated without net movement of the particles, such as the passage of undulating motion, heat, or sound
Ex. Ocean tides
Property of all waves
Wavelength: is the disturbance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it
Frequency: of always is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second
Period:The amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point
How are waves made
Moving up or down side to side; Back-and-forth
Mechanical Waves
A wave that can only travel through matter
A wave that is an is oscillation of matter
Ex. Sound wave
Medium
Matter through which a wave travels
The intervening substance through which impressions are conveyed to the senses or a force acts on objects at a distance
Ex. Vacuum
Transverse wave
Particles in a medium that move back-and-forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels
A wave vibrating at right angles to the direction of its propagation
Ex. Water wave
Longitudinal
Matter in which the medium moves back-and-forth along the same direction of the wave travels
A wave vibrating in the direction of its propagation
Ex. Sound wave
Water waves
Like transverse waves but form when the wind blows across the surface of the ocean
A gravity wave on water
Ex. Oceans waves
Sound waves
Longitudinal waves that are formed by molecules in the air that are pushed together by vibrations caused by the object making the noise
A wave of compression and rare fraction, which sound is propagated in an elastic medium such as air
Ex. Slamming your locker
Seismic waves
Waves that are found mostly in earths interior and they have energy that flows through earths surface
And elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means
Ex. Earthquake
Crest
Are the high points of the transverse wave
A point on a wave with a maximum value or upward this placement within a cycle
Ex. Upper part of wave
Trough
Are the low points of the transverse waves
Lowest point the medium sinks to
Ex. Lower part of wave
Compression
More dense region of a longitudinal wave
A region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are closest together
Ex. Tight part of Spring
Rarefaction
The less dense region of a longitudinal wave
Is the reduction of an item’s density, the opposite of compression
Ex. Loose part of spring
Wavelength
The distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it
The distance between successive crest of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave
Ex. Crest to crest, trough to trough
Frequency
The number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second
The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given example
Ex. M/S
Period
The amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point
The time needed for one complete cycle of vibration to pass a given point
Ex. One wave length
Amplitude
The measure of the size of disturbance from a wave
The maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position
Ex. Resting point to creat or trough
S = (upside down y) f
Speed(m/s) = frequency(Hz) X wavelength (m)
How are wavelength and frequency related
Because all light waves move to a vacuum at the same speed, the number of Wave crests passing by any given point in one second depends on the wavelength.
How are wavelength different in transverse and longitudinal waves
While transverse waves have alternating patterns of crests and troughs, and longitudinal waves have an alternating pattern of compressions and rare factions. The wavelength can always be determined by measuring the distance between any two corresponding points on adjacent waves
Refraction
The bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it travels from one medium to another
The fact or phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc., being deflected in passing obliquely through the interface between one medium and another or through a medium of varying density
Ex. A wave crashing into a rock
Diffraction
The bending of a wave around an object
A wave bending into and object
Ex. A wave crashing into an object
Interference
The process of two or more waves overlapping and combine to form a new wave
The combination of two or more electromagnetic wave forms to form a resultant wave in which the displacement is either reinforced or canceled
Ex. Radio interference AM and FM
