Ch 9

Question 1

What is the difference between acute medical conditions and chronic medical conditions? Give an example of each

Answer 1

acute 
- illnesses that last a short time.
- infections, warts, colds, flu,
chronic 
- Illnesses or impairments that persist for at least 3 months.
-asthma, diabetes

Question 2

What is the leading cause of death for school-age children?

Answer 2

accidental injuries

-traffic accidents, drowning, and burns are the most common causes of accidental deaths

Question 3

Executive Function

Answer 3

Conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems.

• the result of developmental changes in brain structure.
• prefrontal cortex, the region that enables planning, judgment, and decision making, shows significant development during this period

Question 4

Selective Attention

Answer 4

the ability to deliberately direct one’s attention and shut out distractions
-the result of developing inhibitory control, the voluntary suppression of unwanted responses

Question 5

Working Memory

Answer 5

the short-term storage of information that is being actively processed, like a mental workspace
For example, if you are asked to compute what 42 × 60 is, you would use your working memory to hold part of the answer while you solved the rest of it.

Question 6

Metamemory

Answer 6

Understanding of processes of memory.

Question 7

4 Mnemonic Strategies

Answer 7

1) Rehearsal
- conscious repetition
2) Organization
- categorizing to make it easier to recall
3) Elaboration
- associate with something else
4) External Memory Aids
- putting a library book at the front door

Question 8

Stages of Piaget’s Moral Reasoning

Answer 8

1) Rigid Obedience to Authority (2-7)
2) Increasing Flexibility (7-11)
3) Equity (11-12)

Question 9

How many intelligences are there according to Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Answer 9

Eight Intelligences

• Linguistic
• Logical /Mathematical
• Spatial
• Musical
• Kinesthetic/Bodily
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Naturalist

Question 10

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer 10

Componential Element
-how efficiently ppl process info
-some ppl are more effective information processors than others
Experiential Element
-how ppl approach novel/familiar tasks
-insightful/ creative/ think originally
Contextual Element
-ability to size up a situation and decide what to do

Question 11

Dynamic Tests are based off _____ theories that emphasize ____ over ____ achievement

Answer 11

Vygotsky’s theories
Emphasizes potential rather than present achievement
(learning process over product of learning)

Question 12

Static tests measure _____ abilities

Answer 12

A child’s current abilities

Question 13

Metacognition

Answer 13

Thinking about thinking, or awareness of one’s own mental processes.

Question 14

9 factors that influence school achievement

Answer 14

1) Self-efficacy beliefs
2) Gender
3) Parenting Practices
4) Socioeconomic Status
5) Peer Acceptance
6) Educational Methods
7) Class Size
8) Alternate Educational Models
9) Media Use