Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HPRO 4412 > Ch 8 STI > Flashcards

Ch 8 STI Flashcards

1
Q

what is an STI

A

infection of an individual with a sexually transmitted pathogen

  • many are asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who is at risk for STI

A

anyone who is sexually active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

10 groups who are at increased risk of an STI

A
  • sexual contact with people with know STD
  • youth <25 with multiple partners
  • street involvement (homeless)
  • intercourse with new partner in last 2 months
  • more than 2 partners in last 12 months
  • no contraception/barrier methods
  • injection drug use
  • persons immigrating or having sex in countries with STD endemic
  • MSM
  • commercial sex workers (survival sex)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 common presentations of common STDs

A
  • lumps and bumps
  • discharge and burning
  • blisters and ulcers
  • itching
  • pain during sex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lumps and bumps 3 infectious causes

A
  • warts
  • herpes
  • molluscum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lumps and bumps 4 non-infectious causes

A
  • pearly penile papules
  • seborrheic karatoses
  • moles
  • skin tags
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the cause of molloscum contagiosum

A

caused by “pox” virus

  • not necessarily a STD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment of molloscum contagiosum

A
  • often resolve on their own

- liquid nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

full name of HPV

A

human papillomavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common HPV

A

warts and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HPV divided into?

A

high and low risk groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are high risk groups of HPV

A

cause cervical cancer, cancer of the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are is a low risk group of HPV

A

cause warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oral HPV more common in?

A

3x more common in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is oral HPV transmitted?

A

from genitals to mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

A
  • benign growths
  • HPV 6 and HPV 11

many patients require multiple surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do you acquire recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

A
  • child acquires at birth

- adult related to oral sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

natural history of HPV

A
  • fluctuation in size and number of warts
  • sometimes clear on own
  • no therapy guarantees cure HPV infections
  • removal of wart does not absolutely prevent transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prevalence of HPV

A
  • not reportable STI in Canada
  • high rates of incidence among university aged women/men
  • readily acquired from first-time sexual partners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 routes of transmission of HPV

A
  • skin to skin contact between infected and uninfected individual
  • genital-genital
  • genital-anal
  • genital-oral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of HPV

A
  • most dont know they are infected
  • develop warts (genital/non-genital)
  • abnormal PAP tests
  • some cervical, penile, or other precancerous conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diagnosis of HPV

A
  • visual inspection
  • diligent about yearly PAP smears
  • biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

treatment of genital warts due to HPV

A

immune stimulating drug or drug that kills cells on surface of skin (applied locally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment of HPV precancerous lesions

A

surgically removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ways to prevent HPV
- 2 vaccines (Gardasil, cervarix)
26
4 clinical applied treatments for genital warts
- podophyllin resin - cryotherapy - trichloroacitis acid - excisional treatments
27
2 patient applied treatments for genital warts
- podofilox | - imiquidmod
28
2 main types of infectious causes of discharges
urethritis (infection of urethra) vaginitis/cervicitis
29
what are 4 causes of urethritis
- gonorrhea - chlamydia - less common: HSV, mycoplasma, ureaplasma
30
what are 5 causes of vaginitis/cervicitis
- gonorrhea - chlamydia - bacterial vaginosis - trichomonas - candida (yeast)
31
6 non infectious causes of discharges
- excessive physiological secretions - allergic reaction - skin conditions - foreign body - trauma - lack of proper vaginal lubrication during intercourse
32
bacterial vaginosis common among
WMW
33
what is bacterial vaginosis
- not an STD | - due to alteration of normal vaginal flora, caused by overgrowth of bacteria that normally live in vagina
34
symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
- fishy smell - vaginal discharge - itching around vagina - pain during intercourse
35
diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
- high pH - odour - presence of clue cells under microsope - chemical tests (KOH whiff test)
36
treatment of bacterial vaginosis
- oral medication - clindamycin vaginal cream - vaginal gel - long-acting vitamin C tablets (inserted)
37
consequences of bacterial vaginosis if left untreated
- cause pregnancy complications (preterm delivery) | - inc susceptibility to acquiring/transmitting HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes
38
prevention of bacterial vaginosis
- abstinence - avoid multiple partners - avoid douching
39
what is trichomonas
parasitic infection
40
transmission of trichomonas
trichomonas vaginalis - protozoa that causes infection - spread through sexual contact
41
3 symptoms of trichomonas
- profuse gray/yellow discharge - pain urination - genital itching - asymptomatic (usually in men)
42
5 consequences if trichomonas untreated
- infertility - inc risk of cervical cancer - inflammation of uterus - endometriris - premature delivery
43
diagnosis of trichomonas
swab vagina/urethra to identify the parasite
44
treatment of trichomonas
oral drug (metronidazole)
45
prevention of trichomonas
condoms
46
what is gonorrhea?
aka "the clap" - inflammatory condition - incubation period 2-7 days
47
gonorrhea caused by
bacteria (neisseria gonorrhoeae)
48
prevalence of gonorrhea
- highest among canadian MSM and travelers
49
4 routes of transmission of gonorrhea
- penile-vaginal - penile-anal - oral - mother to baby in childbirth
50
2 common symptoms of gonorrhea
- pus like yellow/green discharge vagina, urethra, anus | - throat pain
51
consequences of gonorrhea
- spread to uterus, fallopian tubes causes PID (affect fertility) - enter bloodstream, affect joints, skin, tissues around liver, heart, brain
52
diagnosis of gonorrhea
- swab cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, pharynx - blood/urine sample - women: self test kit
53
treatment of gonorrhea
- oral/injectable antiobiotics
54
prevention of gonorrhea
condoms
55
4 other sites of infection of gonorrhea
- throat - rectum - eye - disseminated infection
56
prevalence of chlamydia
- highest prevalence of any STI in canada (most common bacterial STI) - sexual individuals 20-24
57
what is chlamydia
intracellular bacterial infection incubation period 2-6 weeks - can have long term carriage
58
routine screening of chlamydia
- all sexual active women 25 and under - pregnant women with sexual partner 3rd trimester - not recommended for men - considered throat/rectal in MSM
59
4 routes of transmission of chlamydia
- penile-vaginal - penile-anal - oral - mother to baby in childbirth
60
3 symptoms of chlamydia
- 70% females asymptomatic (less than 50% males) - mild discharge from vagina/penis/anus - urinary symptoms (burn/itch) - vaginal bleeding
61
consequences of women with chlamydia if left untreated
- spread to uterus, fallopian tubes | - cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) -- leads to ectopic pregnancy, infertility, pain with intercourse
62
consequences of men with chlamydia if left untreated
- cause epididymitis - infertility - urethritis (inflamamtion)
63
3 diagnosis of chlamydia
- swab of cervix, vagina, urethra, pharynx - urine sample - women: self test kit
64
treatment of chlamydia
- oral antibiotics (azithromycin) | - single dose of cefixime, ceftriaxone
65
prevention of chlamydia
- condoms - abstain from sex for 7 days - partner notification
66
2 other sites of infection of chlamydia
- conjunctivitis | - trachoma
67
3 types of blisters/ulcers
- herpes simplex virus - syphulis - chancroid
68
what is syphillis
humans are the host of an organism
69
latent stage of syphillis
- no clinical manifestations - 60-85% remain asymptomatic years without treatment ``` early= < 1 yr late= > 1 yr ```
70
prevalence of syphillis
- higher among MSM, travellers
71
4 common routes of transmission of syphillis
- penile-vaginal - penile-anal - oral - mother to baby in childbirth
72
initial symptoms of syphillis
- swelling of lymph nodes near sites of contact | - ulcers
73
secondary syphillis
- untreated primary symptoms may subside - rask (palms hands, feet, trunk) - warty lesions in angenital area (anus) - patches of erosions, white skin in mouth/anus - fever - jaundice - muscle/joint aches - patchy hair loss
74
consequences of syphillis
if untreated may lead to tertiary stage - affects blood vessels, heart, eyes, sensory/brain damage - cause gummas on bones/internal organs - lead to death
75
diagnosis of syphillis
- serology | - blood test (detect antibodies)
76
treatment of syphillis
- injected penicillin treponemal/non-treponemal tests
77
what is herpes caused by
herpes simplex virus - virus remains in body for lifetime
78
3 stages to herpes
1) start with vesicles 2) ulcer formation 3) crust/heal
79
6 routes of transmission of herpes
- genital-genital - penile-anal - oral-genial - oral-oral - infants from mother in childbirth - asymptomatic shedding
80
symptoms of oralabial herpes
lesion on/around lips cold sores
81
symptoms fo angenital infection (herpes)
- lesions present on both sides of genitals when first infected - recurs= blistery lesions on one side only
82
consequences of herpes
- blisters may become infected, cause temporary scarring - infection cause urinary tract symptoms, - inc risk of HIV acquisition/transmission
83
diagnosis of herpes
- swabbing lesions (viral identification test) | - blood test
84
treatment of herpes
oral antiviral (acyclovir) to limit length of initial herpes outbreak
85
transmission of pubic lice
- direct sexual contact - non-sexual contact with infected person - contact of contaminated surfaces (sheets, towels)
86
3 symptoms of pubic lice
- itchiness (night) - visible, white eggs at base of hair - scabies (rash where parasite burrowed)
87
consequences of pubic lice
- severe itchiness, lead to bacterial infection, cause breakdown of skin
88
2 diagnosis of pubic lice
- visual inspection | - skin biopsy
89
treatment of pubic lice
- permethrin/other cream/shampoo to treat parasites
90
what is moniliasis
aka thrush | - vaginal yeast infection
91
cause of moniliasis
- overgrowth of naturally occurring vaginal organisms
92
3 symptoms of moniliasis
- pain during intercourse - vaginal itchiness - white/clumpy discharge
93
2 consequences of moniliasis if left untreated
cause eczema reaction in genital area | - pain during sex/urination
94
diagnosis of moniliasis
visual inspection | lab tests
95
treatment of moniliasis
- oral/topical drugs
96
prevent of moniliasis
- avoidance of wide-spectrum antibiotics reduce developing moniliasis
97
name of HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
98
prevalence of HIV
more common in MSM - drug users share needles - countries with endemic
99
routes of transmission HIV
- blood/bodily fluids of infected indivudla when come in contact oral, genital, anal mucosa and blood stream of uninfected individual - penile-vaginal - penile-anal - oral sex - share toys - presence of genital skin lesions - from infected mother during childbirth
100
initial symptoms of HIV
flu like symptoms enlarged lymph nodes
101
later symptoms of HIV
if untreated, moderate to severe immune system damage
102
consequences if HIV is not treated
- HIV progresses to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) - severe damage to immune system - opportunistic infections, cancers - neurological and cardiac diseases - physical wasting - death
103
diagnosis of HIV
blood test to detect antibodies (takes 3 months)
104
treatment of HIV
ARV therapy - combination of drugs, stopping replication of HIV - preserving HIV infected individuals health and lifespan
105
3 types of viral hepatitis
A, B, C
106
prevalence of Hep A
closed communicites (prisons) - contaminated food with virus - MSM
107
prevalence of Hep B
- MSM - injection drug users - individuals from countries where prevalent
108
prevalence of Hep C
- drug injection users | - prevalent in HIV positive MSM
109
routes of transmission of Hep A
- fecal-oral routes - oral-anal sex - injection of food/water contaminated with feces
110
routes of transmission of Hep B
- sexual contact - sharing contaminated drug injection equipment - share toys
111
routes of transmission Hep C
- blood contact - sharing contaminated drug injection equipment - sexual activities cause trauma to sites of sexual contact - not transmissible through most sexual activities
112
symptoms of viral hepatitis
- jaundice - flu like symptoms - abdominal pain
113
consequence of Hep A if left untreated
- most survive and clear virus after treatment
114
consequence of Hep B/C if left untreated
- may remain in individuals body | - results in development of cirrhosis of liver/liver cancer
115
diagnosis of viral hepatitis
blood test
116
treatment of viral hepatitis
A= sympton-specific treatment B/C= interferon injections, antiviral drugs
117
prevention of Hep A/B
vaccine
118
prevention of Hep B/C
safe recreational drug-injection practices help prevent

HPRO 4412 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions