Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HPRO 4412 > Ch 8 STI > Flashcards

Ch 8 STI Flashcards

1
Q

what is an STI

A

infection of an individual with a sexually transmitted pathogen

  • many are asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who is at risk for STI

A

anyone who is sexually active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

10 groups who are at increased risk of an STI

A
  • sexual contact with people with know STD
  • youth <25 with multiple partners
  • street involvement (homeless)
  • intercourse with new partner in last 2 months
  • more than 2 partners in last 12 months
  • no contraception/barrier methods
  • injection drug use
  • persons immigrating or having sex in countries with STD endemic
  • MSM
  • commercial sex workers (survival sex)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 common presentations of common STDs

A
  • lumps and bumps
  • discharge and burning
  • blisters and ulcers
  • itching
  • pain during sex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lumps and bumps 3 infectious causes

A
  • warts
  • herpes
  • molluscum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lumps and bumps 4 non-infectious causes

A
  • pearly penile papules
  • seborrheic karatoses
  • moles
  • skin tags
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the cause of molloscum contagiosum

A

caused by “pox” virus

  • not necessarily a STD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment of molloscum contagiosum

A
  • often resolve on their own

- liquid nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

full name of HPV

A

human papillomavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common HPV

A

warts and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HPV divided into?

A

high and low risk groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are high risk groups of HPV

A

cause cervical cancer, cancer of the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are is a low risk group of HPV

A

cause warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oral HPV more common in?

A

3x more common in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is oral HPV transmitted?

A

from genitals to mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

A
  • benign growths
  • HPV 6 and HPV 11

many patients require multiple surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do you acquire recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

A
  • child acquires at birth

- adult related to oral sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

natural history of HPV

A
  • fluctuation in size and number of warts
  • sometimes clear on own
  • no therapy guarantees cure HPV infections
  • removal of wart does not absolutely prevent transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prevalence of HPV

A
  • not reportable STI in Canada
  • high rates of incidence among university aged women/men
  • readily acquired from first-time sexual partners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 routes of transmission of HPV

A
  • skin to skin contact between infected and uninfected individual
  • genital-genital
  • genital-anal
  • genital-oral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of HPV

A
  • most dont know they are infected
  • develop warts (genital/non-genital)
  • abnormal PAP tests
  • some cervical, penile, or other precancerous conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diagnosis of HPV

A
  • visual inspection
  • diligent about yearly PAP smears
  • biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

treatment of genital warts due to HPV

A

immune stimulating drug or drug that kills cells on surface of skin (applied locally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

treatment of HPV precancerous lesions

A

surgically removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ways to prevent HPV

A
  • 2 vaccines (Gardasil, cervarix)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

4 clinical applied treatments for genital warts

A
  • podophyllin resin
  • cryotherapy
  • trichloroacitis acid
  • excisional treatments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

2 patient applied treatments for genital warts

A
  • podofilox

- imiquidmod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2 main types of infectious causes of discharges

A

urethritis (infection of urethra)

vaginitis/cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are 4 causes of urethritis

A
  • gonorrhea
  • chlamydia
  • less common: HSV, mycoplasma, ureaplasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are 5 causes of vaginitis/cervicitis

A
  • gonorrhea
  • chlamydia
  • bacterial vaginosis
  • trichomonas
  • candida (yeast)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

6 non infectious causes of discharges

A
  • excessive physiological secretions
  • allergic reaction
  • skin conditions
  • foreign body
  • trauma
  • lack of proper vaginal lubrication during intercourse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

bacterial vaginosis common among

A

WMW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is bacterial vaginosis

A
  • not an STD

- due to alteration of normal vaginal flora, caused by overgrowth of bacteria that normally live in vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A
  • fishy smell
  • vaginal discharge
  • itching around vagina
  • pain during intercourse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A
  • high pH
  • odour
  • presence of clue cells under microsope
  • chemical tests

(KOH whiff test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

treatment of bacterial vaginosis

A
  • oral medication
  • clindamycin vaginal cream
  • vaginal gel
  • long-acting vitamin C tablets (inserted)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

consequences of bacterial vaginosis if left untreated

A
  • cause pregnancy complications (preterm delivery)

- inc susceptibility to acquiring/transmitting HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

prevention of bacterial vaginosis

A
  • abstinence
  • avoid multiple partners
  • avoid douching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is trichomonas

A

parasitic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

transmission of trichomonas

A

trichomonas vaginalis

  • protozoa that causes infection
  • spread through sexual contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

3 symptoms of trichomonas

A
  • profuse gray/yellow discharge
  • pain urination
  • genital itching
  • asymptomatic (usually in men)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

5 consequences if trichomonas untreated

A
  • infertility
  • inc risk of cervical cancer
  • inflammation of uterus
  • endometriris
  • premature delivery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

diagnosis of trichomonas

A

swab vagina/urethra to identify the parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

treatment of trichomonas

A

oral drug (metronidazole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

prevention of trichomonas

A

condoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is gonorrhea?

A

aka “the clap”

  • inflammatory condition
  • incubation period 2-7 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

gonorrhea caused by

A

bacteria (neisseria gonorrhoeae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

prevalence of gonorrhea

A
  • highest among canadian MSM and travelers
49
Q

4 routes of transmission of gonorrhea

A
  • penile-vaginal
  • penile-anal
  • oral
  • mother to baby in childbirth
50
Q

2 common symptoms of gonorrhea

A
  • pus like yellow/green discharge vagina, urethra, anus

- throat pain

51
Q

consequences of gonorrhea

A
  • spread to uterus, fallopian tubes causes PID (affect fertility)
  • enter bloodstream, affect joints, skin, tissues around liver, heart, brain
52
Q

diagnosis of gonorrhea

A
  • swab cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, pharynx
  • blood/urine sample
  • women: self test kit
53
Q

treatment of gonorrhea

A
  • oral/injectable antiobiotics
54
Q

prevention of gonorrhea

A

condoms

55
Q

4 other sites of infection of gonorrhea

A
  • throat
  • rectum
  • eye
  • disseminated infection
56
Q

prevalence of chlamydia

A
  • highest prevalence of any STI in canada (most common bacterial STI)
  • sexual individuals 20-24
57
Q

what is chlamydia

A

intracellular bacterial infection

incubation period 2-6 weeks
- can have long term carriage

58
Q

routine screening of chlamydia

A
  • all sexual active women 25 and under
  • pregnant women with sexual partner 3rd trimester
  • not recommended for men
  • considered throat/rectal in MSM
59
Q

4 routes of transmission of chlamydia

A
  • penile-vaginal
  • penile-anal
  • oral
  • mother to baby in childbirth
60
Q

3 symptoms of chlamydia

A
  • 70% females asymptomatic (less than 50% males)
  • mild discharge from vagina/penis/anus
  • urinary symptoms (burn/itch)
  • vaginal bleeding
61
Q

consequences of women with chlamydia if left untreated

A
  • spread to uterus, fallopian tubes

- cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – leads to ectopic pregnancy, infertility, pain with intercourse

62
Q

consequences of men with chlamydia if left untreated

A
  • cause epididymitis
  • infertility
  • urethritis (inflamamtion)
63
Q

3 diagnosis of chlamydia

A
  • swab of cervix, vagina, urethra, pharynx
  • urine sample
  • women: self test kit
64
Q

treatment of chlamydia

A
  • oral antibiotics (azithromycin)

- single dose of cefixime, ceftriaxone

65
Q

prevention of chlamydia

A
  • condoms
  • abstain from sex for 7 days
  • partner notification
66
Q

2 other sites of infection of chlamydia

A
  • conjunctivitis

- trachoma

67
Q

3 types of blisters/ulcers

A
  • herpes simplex virus
  • syphulis
  • chancroid
68
Q

what is syphillis

A

humans are the host of an organism

69
Q

latent stage of syphillis

A
  • no clinical manifestations
  • 60-85% remain asymptomatic years without treatment
early= < 1 yr 
late= > 1 yr
70
Q

prevalence of syphillis

A
  • higher among MSM, travellers
71
Q

4 common routes of transmission of syphillis

A
  • penile-vaginal
  • penile-anal
  • oral
  • mother to baby in childbirth
72
Q

initial symptoms of syphillis

A
  • swelling of lymph nodes near sites of contact

- ulcers

73
Q

secondary syphillis

A
  • untreated primary symptoms may subside
  • rask (palms hands, feet, trunk)
  • warty lesions in angenital area (anus)
  • patches of erosions, white skin in mouth/anus
  • fever
  • jaundice
  • muscle/joint aches
  • patchy hair loss
74
Q

consequences of syphillis

A

if untreated may lead to tertiary stage

  • affects blood vessels, heart, eyes, sensory/brain damage
  • cause gummas on bones/internal organs
  • lead to death
75
Q

diagnosis of syphillis

A
  • serology

- blood test (detect antibodies)

76
Q

treatment of syphillis

A
  • injected penicillin

treponemal/non-treponemal tests

77
Q

what is herpes caused by

A

herpes simplex virus

  • virus remains in body for lifetime
78
Q

3 stages to herpes

A

1) start with vesicles
2) ulcer formation
3) crust/heal

79
Q

6 routes of transmission of herpes

A
  • genital-genital
  • penile-anal
  • oral-genial
  • oral-oral
  • infants from mother in childbirth
  • asymptomatic shedding
80
Q

symptoms of oralabial herpes

A

lesion on/around lips

cold sores

81
Q

symptoms fo angenital infection (herpes)

A
  • lesions present on both sides of genitals when first infected
  • recurs= blistery lesions on one side only
82
Q

consequences of herpes

A
  • blisters may become infected, cause temporary scarring
  • infection cause urinary tract symptoms,
  • inc risk of HIV acquisition/transmission
83
Q

diagnosis of herpes

A
  • swabbing lesions (viral identification test)

- blood test

84
Q

treatment of herpes

A

oral antiviral (acyclovir) to limit length of initial herpes outbreak

85
Q

transmission of pubic lice

A
  • direct sexual contact
  • non-sexual contact with infected person
  • contact of contaminated surfaces (sheets, towels)
86
Q

3 symptoms of pubic lice

A
  • itchiness (night)
  • visible, white eggs at base of hair
  • scabies (rash where parasite burrowed)
87
Q

consequences of pubic lice

A
  • severe itchiness, lead to bacterial infection, cause breakdown of skin
88
Q

2 diagnosis of pubic lice

A
  • visual inspection

- skin biopsy

89
Q

treatment of pubic lice

A
  • permethrin/other cream/shampoo to treat parasites
90
Q

what is moniliasis

A

aka thrush

- vaginal yeast infection

91
Q

cause of moniliasis

A
  • overgrowth of naturally occurring vaginal organisms
92
Q

3 symptoms of moniliasis

A
  • pain during intercourse
  • vaginal itchiness
  • white/clumpy discharge
93
Q

2 consequences of moniliasis if left untreated

A

cause eczema reaction in genital area

- pain during sex/urination

94
Q

diagnosis of moniliasis

A

visual inspection

lab tests

95
Q

treatment of moniliasis

A
  • oral/topical drugs
96
Q

prevent of moniliasis

A
  • avoidance of wide-spectrum antibiotics reduce developing moniliasis
97
Q

name of HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

98
Q

prevalence of HIV

A

more common in MSM

  • drug users share needles
  • countries with endemic
99
Q

routes of transmission HIV

A
  • blood/bodily fluids of infected indivudla when come in contact oral, genital, anal mucosa and blood stream of uninfected individual
  • penile-vaginal
  • penile-anal
  • oral sex
  • share toys
  • presence of genital skin lesions
  • from infected mother during childbirth
100
Q

initial symptoms of HIV

A

flu like symptoms

enlarged lymph nodes

101
Q

later symptoms of HIV

A

if untreated, moderate to severe immune system damage

102
Q

consequences if HIV is not treated

A
  • HIV progresses to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
  • severe damage to immune system
  • opportunistic infections, cancers
  • neurological and cardiac diseases
  • physical wasting
  • death
103
Q

diagnosis of HIV

A

blood test to detect antibodies (takes 3 months)

104
Q

treatment of HIV

A

ARV therapy

  • combination of drugs, stopping replication of HIV
  • preserving HIV infected individuals health and lifespan
105
Q

3 types of viral hepatitis

A

A, B, C

106
Q

prevalence of Hep A

A

closed communicites (prisons)

  • contaminated food with virus
  • MSM
107
Q

prevalence of Hep B

A
  • MSM
  • injection drug users
  • individuals from countries where prevalent
108
Q

prevalence of Hep C

A
  • drug injection users

- prevalent in HIV positive MSM

109
Q

routes of transmission of Hep A

A
  • fecal-oral routes
  • oral-anal sex
  • injection of food/water contaminated with feces
110
Q

routes of transmission of Hep B

A
  • sexual contact
  • sharing contaminated drug injection equipment
  • share toys
111
Q

routes of transmission Hep C

A
  • blood contact
  • sharing contaminated drug injection equipment
  • sexual activities cause trauma to sites of sexual contact
  • not transmissible through most sexual activities
112
Q

symptoms of viral hepatitis

A
  • jaundice
  • flu like symptoms
  • abdominal pain
113
Q

consequence of Hep A if left untreated

A
  • most survive and clear virus after treatment
114
Q

consequence of Hep B/C if left untreated

A
  • may remain in individuals body

- results in development of cirrhosis of liver/liver cancer

115
Q

diagnosis of viral hepatitis

A

blood test

116
Q

treatment of viral hepatitis

A

A= sympton-specific treatment

B/C= interferon injections, antiviral drugs

117
Q

prevention of Hep A/B

A

vaccine

118
Q

prevention of Hep B/C

A

safe recreational drug-injection practices help prevent

HPRO 4412 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions