CH 18: Selling and Buying Sex Flashcards
illegal for STW when?
Illegal for anyone to publicly offer or seek out sex in exchange for money
Illegal for anyone to operate or visit an establishment in which sex trade work takes place
growth in sex industry
- percentage of men paying women for sex increase 2-4.2% in 1990 in spite that ST illegal in 49 states
revenue from STW from
mainly from sex tourism
- 14% of gross national product in some asian countries
what is the sex industry?
commercial enterprises that deal with buying and selling of sex-related services
what is an escort agency?
company that ends out sex trade workers to off-site locations (homes, hotels, motels)
what is pornification
process of making or becoming visibly or explicitly sexual
what is pornification
process that involves transaction between seller and buyer of sexual service
Sex work more appropriate to describe act of exchanging sex for materials as a survival strategy
what are STW
sex trade workers
- people practising sex trade work
history of STW in canada
1759- earliest laws against STW in canada
second half 19th century- brothels outnumbered churches 6:1 in Victoria, BC
1892- laws relating to brothels and street-based STW became part of the Criminal Code
currently- legality of STW is being heavily debated across Canada
legal aspects of STW
- not illegal but activities related to it are;
- living off the avails
- owning/operating common bawdy/brothel house
- communicating for purpose of prostitution
- transporting person to bawdy house
4 legal options for dealing with prostitution
1) criminalization
2) legalization (Regulation)
3) abolition
4) decriminalization
criminalization
Legal option for dealing with sex trade work by making it and activities related to it illegal
legalization
Legal option for dealing with STW by making it legal, but subject to regulations
abolition
Allowing SWT and punishing those who exploit or coerce sex trade workers
decriminalization
Repealing all laws governing it
types of STW
- only 20% of STW occurs “on the street”
- majority occurs out of escort agencies, or ads on internet
windsor, Ontario and STW
has licensed escort services and men from the united states travel there for sexual services
- so they do not risk arrest
who works in the sex trade
- females who have not graduated high school
- most started for financial reasons
- Average age entering is 18
- Average age of respondents is 32
- 22-25 for street-based STW
street-based STW
mostly young, single, uneducated females who come from abusive backgrounds and are controlled by pimps
if you sell sex, do you enjoy it?
- females STW least likely to enjoy providing sex for client
underage STW
- minors are groups must vulnerable to sex trafficking
- 2 million known underage
- half of all known child STW live in Asia
impact of STW in physical and psychological health
- most report being raped and physically assaulted while working
- canadian data reports death rate among STW is 40% higher than general population
- other issues include risk of STI, social stigma, many negative feeling that affect self-worth
male STW
- do not suffer the same levels of violence their female counterparts do
- males perceived as more powerful, with greater status
- clients of male prostitutes may be women or gay men, who are not typically aggressive towards men
- may have positive and professional attitudes about their business
hierarchy and motivations among male STW
lowest level: street hustler, than bar hustler, call boys, kept boys
street hustler
male STW who looks for customers on the streets
bar hustler
look for customers in a bar
call boy
male STW who either works for escort agency or is self-employed as an escort
kept boy
- young male who is financially dependent on an older man, usually with expectation that the younger individual will provide sexual services to older man
- Older man=sugar daddy
exotic dancing
- live sex acts on stage prohibited in Canada/US
- allowed certain countries (Thailand)
- table dancing and lap dancing have make industry grow over recent years
- new dancers usually recruited through personal contact networks
new exotic dancers
- tend to focus on positive aspects of job such as flexible hours/money
later tend to see negative aspects, such as substance abuse and abusive customers
erotica
textual, visual, audial material that promotes or creates sexual arousal and shows enjoyment of sexuality in an equal and balanced manner toward people of either sex
pornography
textual, visual, audial material promotes/creates sexual arousal and presents sexuality in unequal, unbalanced, violent or degrading manner toward people of other sex
men attracted to what in sexually explicit material
scenes that objectify people to they are visual and sexual objects
women prefer what in SEM
- scenes that they feel they can project into and evoke some sort of personal and emotional reponse
reported effects of SEM consumption on adults
- reactions to SEM can be pos/neg/neutral depending on pre-existing beliefs
- more violent pornography= more negative effects than erotica
- erotica users have more tolerant attitudes and report more positive effects
- use of SEM may reduce instances of sex crimes
study of gay mens use of SEM reported
gay men are consuming SEM that promotes images of hyper-masculinity and neglects safer sex practices
effects of SEM exposure on youth
- viewing SEM ~14 is developmentally appropriate
- younger children who are exposed to porn may be disturbed and upset by material they do not understand
young boys who view SEM tend to
have more permissive attitudes about sex and to think that SEM accurately reflects reality than their female counterparts
internet SEM
- more than 4.2 million websites related to SEM
- 25% all search engine requests sexual in nature
who most likely to download SEM from internet
gay men
heterosexual men
lesbian women
women reported negative consequences of viewing SEM related to
body image and increased pressure to imitate sex acts contained in SEM
being a “porn star”
- female porn stars viewed more negatively than movie stars, and other women in general, but more positively than STW
- STIs still common among porn actors, despite STI screenings
