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Intro to Sociology > Ch. 8: Social Class and Social Stratification > Flashcards

Ch. 8: Social Class and Social Stratification Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is social differentiation?

A

How different statuses develop in any group, organization, or society.

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2
Q

What is social stratification?

A

A relatively fixed hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth.

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of stratification systems?

A

Estate, caste, and class

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4
Q

Describe the estate stratification system.

A

An elite or noble class has total control over societal resources

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5
Q

Describe the caste stratification system.

A

A system where status is determined by birth

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6
Q

Describe the class stratification system.

A

A system based on ascribed and achieved statuses

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7
Q

What stratification system is the U.S. classified as?

A

Class

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8
Q

Define social class.

A

The social structural hierarchical position groups hold relative to the economic, social, political, and cultural resources of society

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9
Q

What are life chances?

A

The opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class.

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10
Q

What is conspicuous consumption?

A

The ostentatious display of goods to mark one’s social status.

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11
Q

What is economic resturcturing?

A

The decline of manufacturing jobs in the U.S.

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12
Q

What is income?

A

The amount of money brought into a household from various sources during a given year

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13
Q

What is wealth?

A

The monetary value of everything one actually owns.

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14
Q

What is social mobility?

A

A person’s or group’s movement over time from one class to another

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15
Q

What is class indicated by?

A

Levels of income, occupational standing, and educational attainment

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16
Q

How does economic restructuring affect the working class?

A

They’re forced into lower-wage jobs such as fast food

17
Q

What is socioeconomic status?

A

A measure of class standing, typically indicated by income, occupational prestige, and educational attainment

18
Q

What is prestige?

A

The value with which different groups of people are judged.

19
Q

What is occupational prestige?

A

The subjective evaluation people give to jobs as better or worse than others.

20
Q

What is educational attainment?

A

The total years of formal education

21
Q

What is the main idea of Marx’s theory of class conflict?

A

Class is not simply a matter of what individuals possess; class is instead defined by the relationship of higher classes of economic production

22
Q

What is status attainment?

A

How people end up in a given stratified position

23
Q

What is the “myth of the model minority”?

A

The idea that a minority group must adopt alleged dominant group values to succeed

24
Q

What is a meritocracy?

A

A system in which one’s status is based on merit or accomplishments, not other social characteristics.

25
Q

What is class conciousness?

A

The awareness that a class structure exists and the feeling of shared identification with other in one’s class with whom one perceives common life chances.

26
Q

According to Marx, what is a Bourgeoisie?

A

People that are the owners of the means of production

27
Q

According to Marx, what is a Proletariat?

A

People who are workers; those who sell their labor for wages

28
Q

Why do Americans tend not to be class concious?

A

Because of the widespread belief that mobility is possible

29
Q

According to Weber, what are the 3 dimensions to stratification?

A

Class, status, and party

30
Q

What do functionalists believe about stratification and inequality?

A

The purpose of inequality is to motivate people to fill needed positions in society.

31
Q

What do conflict theorists believe about stratification and inequality?

A

Inequality results from a system where those with the most resources exploit and control others.

32
Q

According to Congress, what determines if someone is in poverty?

A

When they reach below the poverty line, which is the amount of money needed to support the basic needs of a household.

33
Q

What tends to be the underlying cause of poverty in the U.S.?

A

The economic/social changes in the U.S.

34
Q

What is the feminization of poverty?

A

The process whereby a growing proportion of the poor are women and children

35
Q

What is the “culture of poverty”?

A

The argument that poverty is a way of life and, like other cultures, is passed on from generation to generation.

Intro to Sociology (12 decks)

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