Ch. 11: Gender

Question 1

What’s the difference between sex and gender?

Answer 1

Sex refers to biological identity; gender is a socially constructed identity

Question 2

What is an intersex person?

Answer 2

A person born with the physical characteristics of both sexes

Question 3

Gender is a __________ construction.

Answer 3

Social

Question 4

Define biological determinism.

Answer 4

Explanations that attribute complex social phenomena to physical characteristics.

Question 5

What is gender socialization?

Answer 5

When men and women learn the expectations of their sex

Question 6

Define gender identity.

Answer 6

One’s definition of oneself as a woman or man

Question 7

What are transgender people?

Answer 7

People who live as a gender different from that to which they were assigned at birth

Question 8

What are the agents of gender socialization?

Answer 8

Family, peers, children’s play schooling religious training, mass media, and popular culture

Question 9

What is homophobia?

Answer 9

The fear and hatred of gays and lesbians

Question 10

What are gendered institutions?

Answer 10

The total pattern of gender relations that structure social institutions

Question 11

Define gender stratification.

Answer 11

The hierarchical distribution of social and economic resources according to gender

Question 12

What is gender apartheid?

Answer 12

Extreme segregation and exclusion of women from public life

Question 13

What is a patriarchy?

Answer 13

A society or group in which men have power over women.

Question 14

What is a matriarchy?

Answer 14

A society or group in which women have power over men.

Question 15

What is the Equal Pay Act of 1963?

Answer 15

The first legislation requiring equal pay for equal work

Question 16

Describe human capital theory.

Answer 16

The belief that there is gender differences in wages because individual characteristics that workers bring to jobs

Question 17

Describe the dual labor market theory.

Answer 17

The idea that men and women earn different amounts because they tend to work in different segments of the labor market

Question 18

What is gender segregation?

Answer 18

The distribution of men and women in different jobs in the labor force.

Question 19

What is one of the biggest challenges that LGBTQ people have to face at work?

Answer 19

“Managing” their identities

Question 20

What do functionalists say about gender?

Answer 20

Men fill instrumental roles while women fill expressive roles

Question 21

What do conflict theorists say about gender?

Answer 21

Women are disadvantaged because men hold all the power and resources

Question 22

According to feminist theorists, what is “doing gender?”

Answer 22

The idea that gender is something that is accomplished through the ongoing social interactions people have with each other

Question 23

What is the weakness of “doing gender?”

Answer 23

It does not explain the structural basis of women’s oppression

Question 24

Describe queer theory.

Answer 24

Sexual identity is socially constructed; sex and gender are not binary opposites

Question 25

What is feminism?

Answer 25

A way of thinking and acting that advocates a more just society for women

Question 26

Describe liberal feminism.

Answer 26

The origin of women’s inequality is in traditions of the past that pose barriers to women’s advancement.

Question 27

Describe radical feminism.

Answer 27

The reason of women inequality is the power men hold in society.

Question 28

What is multiracial feminism?

Answer 28

Similar to intersectional theory; centers its analysis in the experiences of all women, including those of different race, class, etc.

Question 29

What is Title IX?

Answer 29

Legislation that prohibits schools that receive federal funds from discriminating based on gender.

Question 30

What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer 30

Federal law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, etc.