Ch. 7: Deviance and Crime

Question 1

What is deviance?

Answer 1

Behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and norms

Question 2

What is the difference between formal and informal deviance?

Answer 2

Formal deviance is associated with laws and official rules, while informal deviance regards customary norms

Question 3

How does deviance uphold social norms?

Answer 3

It is often publically punished in some way, confirming social standards

Question 4

What is the Medicalization of Deviance?

Answer 4

When people think that others with deviant behavior are “sick” and must be “cured” through psychological treatment

Question 5

What is the issue with medicalizing deviance?

Answer 5

It ignores the effects of social structures on deviant behavior.

Question 6

What is deviant identity?

Answer 6

The definition a person has of himself or herself as a deviant.

Question 7

What is a stigma?

Answer 7

An attribute that is socially devalued and discredited.

Question 8

What is a deviant career?

Answer 8

Continuing to be labeled as deviant even after the initial deviance may have ceased.

Question 9

What are deviant communities?

Answer 9

Groups that are organized around particular forms of social deviance.

Question 10

What is crime?

Answer 10

Deviant behavior that violates laws

Question 11

Define criminology.

Answer 11

The scientific study of crime and criminal behavior.

Question 12

What are personal crimes?

Answer 12

Violent or nonviolent crimes directed against people

Question 13

What are property crimes?

Answer 13

Crimes that involve theft of property without threat of bodily harm

Question 14

What are hate crimes?

Answer 14

An assault or other malicious act motivated by various forms of bias, such as race

Question 15

What is human trafficking?

Answer 15

Compelling or coercing a person to engage in some form of labor, service, or commercial sex

Question 16

What is gender-based violence?

Answer 16

Various forms of violence associated with unequal power relationships between men and women.

Question 17

What is cybercrime?

Answer 17

Illegal activites that take place through the use of computers.

Question 18

What is white-collar crime?

Answer 18

Criminal activites by people of high social status in the context of their occupation

Question 19

What is organized crime?

Answer 19

Crime committed by structured groups typically involving the provision of illegal goods and services to others.

Question 20

What is terrorism?

Answer 20

The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

Question 21

What is racial profiling?

Answer 21

The use of race alone as a criterion for deciding whether to stop and detain someone on suspicion of having committed a crime

Question 22

According to Drukheim, what are the 4 types of suicide?

Answer 22

Anomie, altrusistic, egoistic, and fatalistic

Question 23

What is anomic suicide?

Answer 23

The type of suicide occurring when there are disintegrating forces in the society that make individuals feel lost or alone.

Question 24

What is altruistic suicide?

Answer 24

The type of suicide that can occur when there is excessive regulation of individuals by social forces

Question 25

What is egoistic suicide?

Answer 25

The type of suicide that occurs when people feel totally detached from society.

Question 26

What is fatalistic suicide?

Answer 26

Suicide that occurs when there is complete overregulation of people in society.

Question 27

Describe structural strain theory.

Answer 27

Deviance originates from tensions that exist in society between cultural goals and the means people have to achieve those goals.

Question 28

Describe social control theory.

Answer 28

Deviance is the result of the weakening of social bonds.

Question 29

What are the 4 dimensions of social control theory according to Hirschi?

Answer 29

Attachment, committment, involvement, and belief

Question 30

What is an issue with the functionalism approach to crime and deviance?

Answer 30

It doesn’t explain how norms of deviance are first established.

Question 31

What do conflict theorists have to say about crime and deviance?

Answer 31

Groups who have access to fewer resources are forced into crime to sustain themselves.

Question 32

What are social control agents?

Answer 32

Those who regulate and administer the response to deviance

Question 33

What is an issue with conflict theory’s approach to crime and deviance?

Answer 33

It has more difficulty in explaining all types of deviance.

Question 34

Describe differential association theory.

Answer 34

Deviance is behavior one learns through interaction with others.

Question 35

What is an issue with differential association theory?

Answer 35

It overlooks the deviance that occues in the middle-class culture and among elites.

Question 36

Describe labeling theory.

Answer 36

The responses of others is the most significant thing in understanding deviant behavior.

Question 37

What is a label?

Answer 37

The assignment or attachment of a deviant identity to a person by others

Question 38

What is the issue with labeling theory?

Answer 38

It doesn’t explain why deviance occurs in the first place.