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AORB > Ch 8 Reading Roofs > Flashcards

Ch 8 Reading Roofs Flashcards

1
Q

A large space that is created by a steep pitched roof (arched, gable, etc.) for drainage, and or appearance

A

Attic

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2
Q

Known as framing junctions, where two or more structural members are joined, and how they are joined

A

Component connections

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3
Q

This type of construction is solid lumber of 2 x 6” or larger used in standard framing configuration

A

Conventional construction (often referred to as stick frame)

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4
Q

Defined as a small space that is created when roof is raised above the level of ceiling, joists and rafters to provide a pitch for drainage

A

Cockloft

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5
Q

The weight of the building itself, and anything permanently attached to the building

A

Dead load

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6
Q

A series of 1 x 6 in. boards that run at a 45° angle from the exterior walls to the primary structural members and provide increased structural stability as they cross more roof structural members

A

Diagonal sheathing

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7
Q

Wood products made from a composite of glue veneers layers and/or wood chips that are pressed together to form components that replace sawn lumber sheathing and other structural materials

A

Engineered wood

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8
Q

Roof rafter used in hips or valleys to span between ridge boards or wall plates

A
  • Jack rafter

Jack says valley
Valley says roof

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9
Q

Solid or engineered products used to form assembly-built structural elements that are lower in mass than previous construction method

A

Lightweight construction

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10
Q

Trusses that are compromised of members of less than 2” x 4” or smaller and are often made from engineered lumber or metal

A

Lightweight trusses

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11
Q

Any load applied to a building other than dead loads. These are typically transient moving, impacting or static (like furniture). Examples include peoples snow and wind. Not a permanent part of a structure.

A

Live load

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12
Q

This refers to the degree of slope or pitch for a roof and is expressed as a ratio for example a 4:12 pitch means that the roof rises 4 inches vertically for 12 inches of horizontal distance

A

Roof slope/pitch

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13
Q

All manner of material used to cover or in case, walls, ceilings, and roofs of frame structures. For a roof it is the first layer of covering.

A

Sheathing

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14
Q

A series of 1 x 6 inch boards that run at a 90° angle to support structural members.

A

Straight sheathing

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15
Q

Large dimension lumber used to form a truss. Commonly found an older roof. This type of construction is normally made from full dimension lumber and is often comprised of multiple members bolted together to form one structural member.

A

Timber truss

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16
Q

An engineered structural element that uses groups of rigid triangles to distribute and transfer loads. The triangles create an open webspace. These are used in lieu of solid beams, and many buildings. A triangle is the simplest geometric figure that will not change shape when the sides are fixed.

A

Truss

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17
Q

An attic space created by the open web nature of trusses

A

Truss loft

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18
Q

The eight most common roof styles in the United States

A
  • Gable
  • Hip (pyramid)
  • Gambrel
  • Monitor
  • Sawtooth
  • Flat
  • Bridge truss
  • Arched
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19
Q

Perhaps the most popular style of roof in the United States as there are literally millions of residential single-family occupies with the simple to construct and attractive roof

A

Gable

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20
Q

This term is derived from an A-frame configuration: two sloped or angled surfaces between two flat ends

A

Gable roof

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21
Q

For a gable roof these are the two most common methods of construction

A
  • Conventional (stick frame)
  • Lightweight or truss construction
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22
Q

A horizontal beam connecting to opposing rafters in the top third of the A shape

A

Collar beams

(Not top beam but top third)

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23
Q

Common metal gusset plate connector size

A

18 gauge steel plates with prongs of 3/8 inch penetration

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24
Q

Considering glue truss applications, the glue in the finger joint configuration has been indicated will soften at approximately ____ to ____ temperature

A

350 to 400 F

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25
Q

In conventional construction, a ridge board and rafter of 2 x 6” or larger with nails can last approximately ____ times longer than 2 x 4” trusses when exposed to fire

A
  • 4

(Conversely, 2x3/2x4 with gussets = early failure - one-fourth the time)

26
Q

This roof is nothing more than a flat roof that has been constructed with a pitch that exceeds what degree

A
  • Shed
  • 10°
27
Q

Concerning a shed roof, a LOW pitch is defined as a ____ to ____ degree angle

A

10 to 20° angle

28
Q

Most shed roofs are constructed with a pitch exceeding _____ degrees

A

20

29
Q

A true flat roof has a pitch angle between ___ and _____ with a minimum of ___ degrees recommended for drainage

A
  • 0 and 10°
  • 6°
30
Q

I-joists consist of three main components

A
  • Top chord
  • bottom chord
  • stem or closed web
31
Q

This truss is the most common type of lightweight truss, and it is a favorite method of roof construction for both residential and commercial structures, large and small across this country

A

Flat roof with metal gusset plate construction or glue

32
Q

This older arched roof is not considered a true truss roof is definitely one of the most unique due to its method of construction and the amount of lumber that was utilized for its construction

A

A lamella roof (also known as a Summerbell roof)

33
Q

Although lamella roofs can offer some protection when exposed to fire, total roof collapse may occur if fire removes more than _____ % of the roof structure

A

20%

34
Q

Concerning a tied arch roof, horizontal metal tie rods are used to ____ while vertical tension rods are used for ____

A

(Horizontal) - counter lateral forces that the arch top beam places on walls

(Vertical) - hang from the arch top beam to add tension to the bottom tie-rod or to support ceiling utility needs

35
Q

Concerning arched roofs, the tied arch roof when it fails ____, whereas the arch truss and bowstring roof _____

A
  • Tied arch - failure of any part can precipitate total failure
  • Arch truss/bowstring truss - fails in sections
36
Q

A _____ roof is normally identified by its larger humped shape as well as diamond or honeycomb grid appearance

A

Lamella

37
Q

Vertical ventilation on a _____ roof should only be attempted from an aerial device

A

Lamella

38
Q

The _____ chord of rigid arch truss transfers loads to a wall, whereas the _____ chord serves that purpose for bowstring trusses

A
  • Bottom
  • Top
39
Q

Fire ground experience indicates that timber truss roofs (except the tied arch) can last ____ minutes under heavy fire conditions

A

Over 30

40
Q

Types of roofs with strong areas somewhere other that over outside bearing walls

A

Gable (ridge and valleys)
Hip (ridge pole, valley rafters, hip rafters)
Sawtooth (near glass panels)
Corrugated roofs (the ridge)

41
Q

Clay tiles can reduce the interior temperature of a structure by _____ to ____ degrees Fahrenheit

A

5 to 10°

42
Q

Corrugated steel (roofing) thickness is ______ to _____ VERSUS metal roofing thickness _____ to _____

A
  • 18 to 20 gauge
  • 22 to 26 gauge
43
Q

A _____ is the junction of a vertical member (such as as a skylight riser, parapet wall, etc.) and a horizontal member (such as a roof) where the intersection junction is covered by a roofing material

A

Cricket

44
Q

The joints of trusses were they are connected are referred to as?

A

Nodes

45
Q

______ are used where two roof lines join

A
  • Valley rafters

Jack says valley
Valley says roof

46
Q

This roof is often characterized by dormer windows that protrude from the steep slopes of the lower pitches

A
  • Mansard roof

(bridge truss = fails in sections, EASILY identifiable from the street)

(Mansard with dormer = bridge truss)

47
Q

In this type of construction, the roof uses 2x3 or 2x4 rafters spaced up to 36” on center and butted together at the ridge without a ridge board and typically use 1x4 in spaced sheathing

A

Bungalow Construction

48
Q

The presence of 2x4 in rafter tails under the eaves is an excellent indicator of what?

A

Lightweight Construction

49
Q

This type of roof is supported by these three methods?
- Arches terminate on a foundation on the ground
- Roof supported by exterior wall that are supported by exterior buttresses
- in FEW instances, internal tie-rods with turnbuckles

A

Lamella (Summerbell)

50
Q

The primary hazard of the tied arch is the?

A

Early failure of the metal tie-rods and turnbuckles

51
Q

An architectural structure or appliance designed to contain a fire for heating or cooking

A

Fireplace

52
Q

A structural component used for the venting of a hot flue gases or smoke from a stove, boiler, furnace, fireplace or other appliance

A

Chimney

53
Q

3 types of ventilators

A
  • Capped top
  • Eyebrow-type top
  • Familiar turbine
54
Q

Skylights in the middle portion of a roof in habitation occupancies indicate what type of configuration?

A

Center hallway (Type I)

55
Q

This type of truss roofs are easily identifiable from the street due to their sloping sides and flat top

A

Bridge truss roof

56
Q

One of the first indicators of this type of roof is roof ventilation personnel opening a roof and finding an abnormally large attic when one should not be present

A

Rain roof

57
Q

This type of roof will ALWAYS have a cockloft and necessitates evaluating for the presence of fire

A

Inverted roofs

58
Q
  • This appendage is not real masonry, but a pre-fabricated fireplace appliance that can be installed almost directly against combustible services
  • The primary hazard is typical lack of fire, stopping in the vertical
  • Can be considered a modern version of balloon frame construction
A

Zero clearance fireplace

59
Q

Fireplaces that are constructed in the interior of a structure can offer two substantial size-up considerations

A
  • personnel on the ridge of a roof
  • older construction and unreinforced
    masonry
60
Q

Metal roofing has become more fashionable in recent years with the most popular style generally referred to as:

A

Standing seam steel roofing

AORB (10 decks)

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