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AORB > Ch 2 Essential Bldg Concepts > Flashcards

Ch 2 Essential Bldg Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

A load that is applied within any small area or at one point

A

Concentrated load

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2
Q

A moving or SUDDEN load applied to a building, and a focused or short time interval. For example, wind, large crowds, and fire stream water.

(Not dynamic)

A

Impact load

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3
Q

Loads that are transient or intermittently applied (like people on an escalator)

A

Repeated load

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4
Q

A constant load that rarely moves

A

Static load

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5
Q

Atmospheric loads that stress a building

A

Wind/snow load

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6
Q

______ are static and dynamic weights that come from the building itself, and anything that is placed within or acts upon a building

A

Loads

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7
Q

Loads can be imposed three ways

A
  • Axial
  • Eccentric
  • Torsion
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8
Q

This load is imposed, off-center, causing a material to want to bend

A

Eccentric load

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9
Q

This load is imposed in such a way that causes a material to twist

A

Torsion load

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10
Q

Load is imposed through the center of the material

A

Axial load

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11
Q

Imposition of loads on a given material causes stress within the receiving material. These stresses are called _____

A

Forces

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12
Q

A stress that causes a material to flatten or crush

A

Compression

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13
Q

A stress that causes material to pull apart or stretch

A

Tension

(strEtch - tEnsion)

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14
Q

A stress that causes a material to tear or slide apart

A

Shear

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15
Q

Cold drawn steel like cables, bolts, rebar and lightweight fasteners loses ______ percent of its strength at ______ degrees

A

55% of its strength at 800°F

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16
Q

Hot rolled structural steel used for beams and columns, loses _____ percent of its strength at _____ degrees

A

50% of its strength at 1100°F

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17
Q

At 1000°F a ______ foot structural steel beam can elongate ______

A
  • 100 ft
  • 10 inches
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18
Q

Four types of reinforced concrete

A
  • Monolithic
  • Pre-tensioned
  • Post-tensioned
  • Precast
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19
Q

Often called the original engineered wood product. It is made from layering sheet veneers of wood such the green directions alternate 90° with each layer. Emits a toxic smoke and has been replaced with a true engineered wood product – OSB.

A

Plywood

20
Q

This wood sheathing is made from COARSE SAWDUST and glue. Appears very smooth and has no wood grain. The sheeting choice for the pyrolyizing fuel source in flashover simulators

A

Particle board

21
Q

The wood paneling used to finish interior walls or the outside of cabinets. Not intended to resist loads and are merely decorative ranging in thickness from 1/8 inch to 3/8 inch.

A

Decorative sheathing

22
Q

The wood used to make ____ is typically derive from new growth forests and rapid growth tree farms

A

Engineered wood products (EWP)

23
Q

A sheathing that is formed with wood shavings and a urea formaldehyde adhesive, oriented such that the grain directions are randomly oriented and layered (most prolific)

A

Oriented strand board

24
Q

To make this product, thin sheet veneers of native wood are stacked with grains aligned and then glued with a phenolic resin. It is used in place of cut lumber for beams. It is designed to have the load imposed axially and perpendicular to the grain.

A

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

25
Q

This is a structural composite lumber, manufactured from flaked and chipped strands of native wood blended with adhesive. It mostly uses strands oriented in a parallel fashion (also known as parallel strand lumber – PSL).

A

Laminated strand lumber

26
Q

This is an engineered wood product using several layers (3 to 7 or more) boards that are layered crosswise (typically rotated 90°) and glued. This is used as a structural element for columns (much like a glulam is used for beams). A structurally sound form of plywood but thicker.

A

Cross laminated timber (CLT)

27
Q

For every 1 ton of wood, it takes ___ times more ENERGY to produce one ton of concrete, _____ times more ENERGY for 1 ton of steel and ____ times more ENERGY for 1 ton of aluminum.

A

5 concrete

24 steel

126 aluminum

(CSA 546)

28
Q

This is comprised of multiple layers of dimensional timber, bonded together with moisture resistant adhesives, and is a more modern form of the traditional glulam heavy timber. It can be used as horizontal beams and vertical columns, and can be produced in curved shapes.

A

Glued laminated timber (GLT)

29
Q

Advantages of using engineered wood products over solid wood (4)

A
  • Greater strength and stiffness
  • Pound for pound strength that is greater than steel
  • More efficient use of wood
  • Conformance to emerging Green considerations
30
Q

Four basic types of adhesive that are used in engineer wood products

A
  • Urea formaldehyde
    (most common)
  • Phenol formaldehyde
  • Melamine formaldehyde
  • Methylene diphenyl
    diisocyanate (expensive)
31
Q

Hot rolled steel is often called ____ and cold rolled steel is called ___

A

Extruded steel

Cut or rolled steel

32
Q

The most common material used for building a masonry wall

A

Concrete masonry unit (CMU)

Some call it a cinder block

33
Q

Difference between thermoplastics vs thermosetting

A

Thermoplastics CAN be reshaped

ThermoSETting if reheated will break down

34
Q

The primary reason why firefighters must keep abreast with technology and resultant changes in bldg construction

A

The expanding use of COMPOSITES for many types of building materials

35
Q

Fire officers need to learn a certain language used in the building construction field, which helps with: (3)

A
  • Teach new
    firefighters
  • Prepare more complete
    prefire plans
  • Interact with building
    representatives and
    engineers during
    incidents
36
Q

A firefighter team making a panel cut on a pitched roof for heat ventilation can be classified as what types of loads?

A
  • Live
  • Impact
  • Distributed
37
Q

Two loads that exist within every building:

A
  • Live
  • Dead
38
Q

5 factors that determine the suitability of the material for a given application (help them work or fail)

A
  • Type
  • Shape
  • Orientation or plane
  • Mass
  • Material surface
39
Q

Today’s sawn lumber is known as ____ as opposed to yesteryear’s ____.

A
  • Nominal
  • Full-dimensional
40
Q

Decorative sheathing can range in thickness from ___ to ___

A

1/8 in to 3/8 in

41
Q

From a fire service viewpoint, steel has two weaknesses:

A
  • Engineered for very
    specific applications
  • Softens and elongates
    when heated
42
Q

The most abundant metal that exists on Earth

A

Aluminum

43
Q

Steel is resistant to which forces

A
  • Tension
  • Compression
  • Shear
44
Q

The masonry wall’s Achilles heel is the ____.

A

Mortar

45
Q

The weight of the building itself, and anything permanently attached to the building

A

Dead load

46
Q

Any load applied to a building other than dead loads, which are typically transient, moving, impacting or static (like furniture)

A

Live loads

47
Q

A load spread over a large surface area or over multiple points

A

Distributed

AORB (10 decks)

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