Ch 2 Essential Bldg Concepts

Question 1

A load that is applied within any small area or at one point

Answer 1

Concentrated load

Question 2

A moving or SUDDEN load applied to a building, and a focused or short time interval. For example, wind, large crowds, and fire stream water.

(Not dynamic)

Answer 2

Impact load

Question 3

Loads that are transient or intermittently applied (like people on an escalator)

Answer 3

Repeated load

Question 4

A constant load that rarely moves

Answer 4

Static load

Question 5

Atmospheric loads that stress a building

Answer 5

Wind/snow load

Question 6

______ are static and dynamic weights that come from the building itself, and anything that is placed within or acts upon a building

Answer 6

Loads

Question 7

Loads can be imposed three ways

Answer 7

• Axial
• Eccentric
• Torsion

Question 8

This load is imposed, off-center, causing a material to want to bend

Answer 8

Eccentric load

Question 9

This load is imposed in such a way that causes a material to twist

Answer 9

Torsion load

Question 10

Load is imposed through the center of the material

Answer 10

Axial load

Question 11

Imposition of loads on a given material causes stress within the receiving material. These stresses are called _____

Answer 11

Forces

Question 12

A stress that causes a material to flatten or crush

Answer 12

Compression

Question 13

A stress that causes material to pull apart or stretch

Answer 13

Tension

(strEtch - tEnsion)

Question 14

A stress that causes a material to tear or slide apart

Answer 14

Shear

Question 15

Cold drawn steel like cables, bolts, rebar and lightweight fasteners loses ______ percent of its strength at ______ degrees

Answer 15

55% of its strength at 800°F

Question 16

Hot rolled structural steel used for beams and columns, loses _____ percent of its strength at _____ degrees

Answer 16

50% of its strength at 1100°F

Question 17

At 1000°F a ______ foot structural steel beam can elongate ______

Answer 17

• 100 ft
• 10 inches

Question 18

Four types of reinforced concrete

Answer 18

• Monolithic
• Pre-tensioned
• Post-tensioned
• Precast

Question 19

Often called the original engineered wood product. It is made from layering sheet veneers of wood such the green directions alternate 90° with each layer. Emits a toxic smoke and has been replaced with a true engineered wood product – OSB.

Answer 19

Plywood

Question 20

This wood sheathing is made from COARSE SAWDUST and glue. Appears very smooth and has no wood grain. The sheeting choice for the pyrolyizing fuel source in flashover simulators

Answer 20

Particle board

Question 21

The wood paneling used to finish interior walls or the outside of cabinets. Not intended to resist loads and are merely decorative ranging in thickness from 1/8 inch to 3/8 inch.

Answer 21

Decorative sheathing

Question 22

The wood used to make ____ is typically derive from new growth forests and rapid growth tree farms

Answer 22

Engineered wood products (EWP)

Question 23

A sheathing that is formed with wood shavings and a urea formaldehyde adhesive, oriented such that the grain directions are randomly oriented and layered (most prolific)

Answer 23

Oriented strand board

Question 24

To make this product, thin sheet veneers of native wood are stacked with grains aligned and then glued with a phenolic resin. It is used in place of cut lumber for beams. It is designed to have the load imposed axially and perpendicular to the grain.

Answer 24

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Question 25

This is a structural composite lumber, manufactured from flaked and chipped strands of native wood blended with adhesive. It mostly uses strands oriented in a parallel fashion (also known as parallel strand lumber – PSL).

Answer 25

Laminated strand lumber

Question 26

This is an engineered wood product using several layers (3 to 7 or more) boards that are layered crosswise (typically rotated 90°) and glued. This is used as a structural element for columns (much like a glulam is used for beams). A structurally sound form of plywood but thicker.

Answer 26

Cross laminated timber (CLT)

Question 27

For every 1 ton of wood, it takes ___ times more ENERGY to produce one ton of concrete, _____ times more ENERGY for 1 ton of steel and ____ times more ENERGY for 1 ton of aluminum.

Answer 27

5 concrete 24 steel 126 aluminum (CSA 546)

Question 28

This is comprised of multiple layers of dimensional timber, bonded together with moisture resistant adhesives, and is a more modern form of the traditional glulam heavy timber. It can be used as horizontal beams and vertical columns, and can be produced in curved shapes.

Answer 28

Glued laminated timber (GLT)

Question 29

Advantages of using engineered wood products over solid wood (4)

Answer 29

- Greater strength and stiffness - Pound for pound strength that is greater than steel - More efficient use of wood - Conformance to emerging Green considerations

Question 30

Four basic types of adhesive that are used in engineer wood products

Answer 30

- Urea formaldehyde (most common) - Phenol formaldehyde - Melamine formaldehyde - Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (expensive)

Question 31

Hot rolled steel is often called ____ and cold rolled steel is called ___

Answer 31

Extruded steel Cut or rolled steel

Question 32

The most common material used for building a masonry wall

Answer 32

Concrete masonry unit (CMU) Some call it a cinder block

Question 33

Difference between thermoplastics vs thermosetting

Answer 33

Thermoplastics CAN be reshaped ThermoSETting if reheated will break down

Question 34

The primary reason why firefighters must keep abreast with technology and resultant changes in bldg construction

Answer 34

The expanding use of COMPOSITES for many types of building materials

Question 35

Fire officers need to learn a certain language used in the building construction field, which helps with: (3)

Answer 35

- Teach new firefighters - Prepare more complete prefire plans - Interact with building representatives and engineers during incidents

Question 36

A firefighter team making a panel cut on a pitched roof for heat ventilation can be classified as what types of loads?

Answer 36

- Live - Impact - Distributed

Question 37

Two loads that exist within every building:

Answer 37

- Live - Dead

Question 38

5 factors that determine the suitability of the material for a given application (help them work or fail)

Answer 38

- Type - Shape - Orientation or plane - Mass - Material surface

Question 39

Today's sawn lumber is known as ____ as opposed to yesteryear's ____.

Answer 39

- Nominal - Full-dimensional

Question 40

Decorative sheathing can range in thickness from ___ to ___

Answer 40

1/8 in to 3/8 in

Question 41

From a fire service viewpoint, steel has two weaknesses:

Answer 41

- Engineered for very specific applications - Softens and elongates when heated

Question 42

The most abundant metal that exists on Earth

Answer 42

Aluminum

Question 43

Steel is resistant to which forces

Answer 43

- Tension - Compression - Shear

Question 44

The masonry wall's Achilles heel is the ____.

Answer 44

Mortar

Question 45

The weight of the building itself, and anything permanently attached to the building

Answer 45

Dead load

Question 46

Any load applied to a building other than dead loads, which are typically transient, moving, impacting or static (like furniture)

Answer 46

Live loads

Question 47

A load spread over a large surface area or over multiple points

Answer 47

Distributed