Ch 3 Anatomy of a Bldg

Question 1

A beam supported by columns at the two points near its ends

Answer 1

Simple beam

Question 2

A beam supported by three or more columns

Answer 2

Continuous beam

Question 3

A beam supported at only one end, or a beam that extends well passed a support in such a way that the unsupported overhang places the top of the beam intention, and the bottom in compression

Answer 3

Cantilever beam

Question 4

A beam that spans an opening in a loadbearing wall, such as over a garage door opening (often called a header)

Answer 4

Lintel

(Beans will “open” your butthole)

Question 5

A beam that carries other beams

Answer 5

Girder

Has the girth to carry beams

Question 6

A beam attached to a wall column that serves as a shelf for other beams or building features

Answer 6

Ledger

Question 7

A wood or steel beam used to create a floor or roof assembly that supports sheeting or decking.

Answer 7

Joist

(Floor joists)

Question 8

A sloped wood joist that supports Roofing coverings between a Ridge beam and wall plate on peaked and hipped roofs

Answer 8

Rafter

Question 9

The uppermost beam of a pitched roof

Answer 9

Ridge beam

Question 10

A beam placed horizontally and perpendicularly to trusses or beams to help support roof sheeting, or to hang ceilings

Answer 10

Purlin

Question 11

A beam that has one or both end supported from above by a cable or rod

Answer 11

Suspended beam (sometimes called a hung beam)

Question 12

Simplest form of a truss

Answer 12

Planar truss

Question 13

A truss with a single web member. It consists of two angle supports that intersect a common vertical support that is joined to the bottom cord.

Answer 13

King post truss

Question 14

The most common type of truss used to form a peaked roof

Answer 14

Triangular truss

Question 15

A truss in which the top and bottom chords run in the same plane

Answer 15

Parallel chord truss

Question 16

A steel parallel cord truss assembled with angle iron for the chords and cold drawn round billet for the web. The pieces are tack welded together to form the truss unit.

Answer 16

Bar truss or bar joist

Question 17

A truss where the top cord is arched, and the bottom cord is straight (horizontal). Often called bowstring trusses.

Can be labeled as rigid arch or bowstring

Answer 17

Arched truss

Question 18

This truss has a curved self supporting top cord (not tied by the bottom cord) and horizontal bottom cord, along with web members that are all rigidly connected. The load of the truss is delivered, axially downward through the bottom cord, and onto support walls or columns.

Answer 18

Rigid arch truss (or rib arch truss)

Question 19

A tied truss with an arched upper cord and horizontal tension bottom cord that connects the ends of the arched cord, creating compression in the top cord. Diagonal web members are added to help transfer loads.

Answer 19

Bowstring truss

Question 20

The top cord of this truss of abuts to the support wall or column. This truss typically requires buttresses or pilaster for masonry walls to help accept the lateral forces that may be developed as the live loads are gained or lost on the roof.

Answer 20

Bowstring truss

Question 21

Types of arched roofs that are not true trusses (two types)

Answer 21

Tied arch and lamella

Question 22

Four structural elements

Answer 22

Foundations
Columns
Beams
Connections

FCBC

Question 23

The hollow shape of a triangle is referred to as

Answer 23

Open Web

Question 24

Two common arch trusses that can be encountered at structure fires

Answer 24

Rigid arch truss
Bowstring truss

Question 25

Four notable methods that can create an arched roof

Answer 25

- Bowstring truss - Rigid arch truss - Lamella - Tied arch

Question 26

This type of truss uses a trapezoidal shape (unequal parallel chords) and diagonal tension members between each panel (or section) of the truss

Answer 26

Pratt truss (Bridge truss Ch 8)

Question 27

This man improved on Pratts design using wrought iron as diagonal tension members that cross multiple panels

Answer 27

Squire Whipple, known as the father of modern bridge construction

Question 28

Connections that use a screw, nail, nut and bolt, rivet or similar device to pass through the elements being connected. Spot weld also considered this.

Answer 28

Pinned Connection

Question 29

A single-story exterior wall used to enclose a space

Answer 29

Panel wall

Question 30

An exterior wall used to enclose multiple stories

Answer 30

Curtain wall

Question 31

A wall used to divide areas or rooms into smaller areas or to separate one portion of an area from another and usually not loadbearing

Answer 31

Partition wall

Question 32

A wall shared by two buildings or two occupancies within the same building. If this wall carries beams or structural assemblies, it is a structural element.

Answer 32

Party wall

Question 33

A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind

Answer 33

Sheer wall

Question 34

A decorative only wall added to help improve the buildings appearance

Answer 34

Veneer wall

Question 35

A building constructed on site, one piece at a time. The building is enclosed by simple siding attached, right to the framing.

Answer 35

Framed also known as stick built

Question 36

A poured in place concrete and steel building that forms a “single stone”

Answer 36

Monolithic

Question 37

The same as a skeletal frame building

Answer 37

Post and beam

Question 38

A building constructed with a series of post columns and beams (no loadbearing walls). This building is enclosed by panel or curtain exterior walls.

Answer 38

Skeletal frame

Question 39

A structure built, using pre-fabricated load bearing wall sections (typically reinforced concrete) that are tilted upright, then pinned together

Answer 39

Tilt-up

Question 40

A building were beams or roof/floor assemblies rest on the load-bearing walls (as opposed to posts)

Answer 40

Wall-bearing

Question 41

_____ are weight distributing pads that serve as the bottom of foundations, typically the lowest deepest part of any building and directly contact earth

Answer 41

Footers

Question 42

These are installed below grade to service structural support for other structural elements and also the whole back soil and other materials. Normally poured in place, steel rebar reinforced concrete although masonry block, precast panels, or heavy timbers and planking can be used.

Answer 42

Foundation walls

Question 43

These are flat horizontal elements that simply rest on the ground

Answer 43

Slabs

Question 44

Vertical posts that are driven down into the earth to serve as the foundation or foundation anchor of buildings

Answer 44

Pilings

Question 45

Any structural element that is loaded axially, along its length, in compression. Can take on the form of a wall or a post.

Answer 45

Column

Question 46

A freestanding, vertical post monument or architectural feature

Answer 46

Pillar

Question 47

An exterior wall bracing feature used to assist with lateral forces created were roof beams or trusses rest on a wall

Answer 47

Buttress Lateral = buttress Strengthen wall = pilaster

Question 48

This appears as interior or exterior vertical stack that thickens a wall column (Interior)

Answer 48

p-I-laster I in interior and pilaster

Question 49

This is a separate diagonally, stacked brick, stone or concrete wall that protrudes perpendicularly from the wall column supporting the roof

Answer 49

Buttress

Question 50

A decorative column that protrudes and relief from a wall to give the appearance of a separate post column

Answer 50

Pilaster Vertical stack or decorative = Pilaster

Question 51

The length that a beam can span is ______ to its depth

Answer 51

Directly proportional

Question 52

The load that a beam can carry is proportional to ______ of its depth

Answer 52

The square

Question 53

An engineered collection of interconnected building components that form a COHESIVE STRUCTURAL unit such as a roof or a floor

Answer 53

Structural assembly

Question 54

The buildings resistance and reaction to heat, fire, smoke, firefighting, impacts, and gravity

Answer 54

Building integrity

Question 55

The structural elements of any building FCBC

Answer 55

Foundation Columns Beams Connections

Question 56

Horizontal columns are called ____ and diagonal columns are called ____

Answer 56

- Struts - Rakers

Question 57

Four types of connections

Answer 57

Pinned Rigid (Restrained) Gravity Friction (Unrestrained)

Question 58

The basics of this type of construction is that individual pieces of an assembly are CODEPENDENT on other pieces to form a sound unit

Answer 58

Assembly-built or performance-designed construction

Question 59

This describes all manner of materials used to cover or encase walls, ceilings, and roofs of frame structures

Answer 59

Sheathing

Question 60

Concerning structural hierarchy, this is perhaps the most important part of the hierarchy

Answer 60

Columns

Question 61

What is a concept that defines the progressive order in which building loads are delivered to earth?

Answer 61

Structural hierarchy

Question 62

An engineered structural element that uses groups of rigid triangles to distribute and transfer loads the triangles create an open web space.

Answer 62

Truss

Question 63

A truss is nothing more than a structure that consist of one or more triangles, formed by straight members whose ends are connected at joints that are referred to as ____.

Answer 63

Nodes

Question 64

This is the simplest geometric figure that will not change shape when subjected to a load if the lengths of the sides are fixed to retain its shape

Answer 64

Triangular design/shape

Question 65

This is those Essential underpinnings of a building that allow it to stand erect and resist imposed loads and gravity.

Answer 65

structural Elements

Question 66

A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind

Answer 66

Shear wall