Ch 3 Anatomy of a Bldg Flashcards
A beam supported by columns at the two points near its ends
Simple beam
A beam supported by three or more columns
Continuous beam
A beam supported at only one end, or a beam that extends well passed a support in such a way that the unsupported overhang places the top of the beam intention, and the bottom in compression
Cantilever beam
A beam that spans an opening in a loadbearing wall, such as over a garage door opening (often called a header)
Lintel
(Beans will “open” your butthole)
A beam that carries other beams
Girder
Has the girth to carry beams
A beam attached to a wall column that serves as a shelf for other beams or building features
Ledger
A wood or steel beam used to create a floor or roof assembly that supports sheeting or decking.
Joist
(Floor joists)
A sloped wood joist that supports Roofing coverings between a Ridge beam and wall plate on peaked and hipped roofs
Rafter
The uppermost beam of a pitched roof
Ridge beam
A beam placed horizontally and perpendicularly to trusses or beams to help support roof sheeting, or to hang ceilings
Purlin
A beam that has one or both end supported from above by a cable or rod
Suspended beam (sometimes called a hung beam)
Simplest form of a truss
Planar truss
A truss with a single web member. It consists of two angle supports that intersect a common vertical support that is joined to the bottom cord.
King post truss
The most common type of truss used to form a peaked roof
Triangular truss
A truss in which the top and bottom chords run in the same plane
Parallel chord truss
A steel parallel cord truss assembled with angle iron for the chords and cold drawn round billet for the web. The pieces are tack welded together to form the truss unit.
Bar truss or bar joist
A truss where the top cord is arched, and the bottom cord is straight (horizontal). Often called bowstring trusses.
Can be labeled as rigid arch or bowstring
Arched truss
This truss has a curved self supporting top cord (not tied by the bottom cord) and horizontal bottom cord, along with web members that are all rigidly connected. The load of the truss is delivered, axially downward through the bottom cord, and onto support walls or columns.
Rigid arch truss (or rib arch truss)
A tied truss with an arched upper cord and horizontal tension bottom cord that connects the ends of the arched cord, creating compression in the top cord. Diagonal web members are added to help transfer loads.
Bowstring truss
The top cord of this truss of abuts to the support wall or column. This truss typically requires buttresses or pilaster for masonry walls to help accept the lateral forces that may be developed as the live loads are gained or lost on the roof.
Bowstring truss
Types of arched roofs that are not true trusses (two types)
Tied arch and lamella
Four structural elements
Foundations
Columns
Beams
Connections
FCBC
The hollow shape of a triangle is referred to as
Open Web
Two common arch trusses that can be encountered at structure fires
Rigid arch truss
Bowstring truss
Four notable methods that can create an arched roof
- Bowstring truss
- Rigid arch truss
- Lamella
- Tied arch
This type of truss uses a trapezoidal shape (unequal parallel chords) and diagonal tension members between each panel (or section) of the truss
Pratt truss
(Bridge truss Ch 8)
This man improved on Pratts design using wrought iron as diagonal tension members that cross multiple panels
Squire Whipple, known as the father of modern bridge construction
Connections that use a screw, nail, nut and bolt, rivet or similar device to pass through the elements being connected. Spot weld also considered this.
Pinned Connection
A single-story exterior wall used to enclose a space
Panel wall
An exterior wall used to enclose multiple stories
Curtain wall
A wall used to divide areas or rooms into smaller areas or to separate one portion of an area from another and usually not loadbearing
Partition wall
A wall shared by two buildings or two occupancies within the same building. If this wall carries beams or structural assemblies, it is a structural element.
Party wall
A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind
Sheer wall
A decorative only wall added to help improve the buildings appearance
Veneer wall
A building constructed on site, one piece at a time. The building is enclosed by simple siding attached, right to the framing.
Framed also known as stick built
A poured in place concrete and steel building that forms a “single stone”
Monolithic
The same as a skeletal frame building
Post and beam
A building constructed with a series of post columns and beams (no loadbearing walls). This building is enclosed by panel or curtain exterior walls.
Skeletal frame
A structure built, using pre-fabricated load bearing wall sections (typically reinforced concrete) that are tilted upright, then pinned together
Tilt-up
A building were beams or roof/floor assemblies rest on the load-bearing walls (as opposed to posts)
Wall-bearing
_____ are weight distributing pads that serve as the bottom of foundations, typically the lowest deepest part of any building and directly contact earth
Footers
These are installed below grade to service structural support for other structural elements and also the whole back soil and other materials. Normally poured in place, steel rebar reinforced concrete although masonry block, precast panels, or heavy timbers and planking can be used.
Foundation walls
These are flat horizontal elements that simply rest on the ground
Slabs
Vertical posts that are driven down into the earth to serve as the foundation or foundation anchor of buildings
Pilings
Any structural element that is loaded axially, along its length, in compression. Can take on the form of a wall or a post.
Column
A freestanding, vertical post monument or architectural feature
Pillar
An exterior wall bracing feature used to assist with lateral forces created were roof beams or trusses rest on a wall
Buttress
Lateral = buttress
Strengthen wall = pilaster
This appears as interior or exterior vertical stack that thickens a wall column (Interior)
p-I-laster
I in interior and pilaster
This is a separate diagonally, stacked brick, stone or concrete wall that protrudes perpendicularly from the wall column supporting the roof
Buttress
A decorative column that protrudes and relief from a wall to give the appearance of a separate post column
Pilaster
Vertical stack or decorative = Pilaster
The length that a beam can span is ______ to its depth
Directly proportional
The load that a beam can carry is proportional to ______ of its depth
The square
An engineered collection of interconnected building components that form a COHESIVE STRUCTURAL unit such as a roof or a floor
Structural assembly
The buildings resistance and reaction to heat, fire, smoke, firefighting, impacts, and gravity
Building integrity
The structural elements of any building
FCBC
Foundation
Columns
Beams
Connections
Horizontal columns are called ____ and diagonal columns are called ____
- Struts
- Rakers
Four types of connections
Pinned
Rigid
(Restrained)
Gravity
Friction
(Unrestrained)
The basics of this type of construction is that individual pieces of an assembly are CODEPENDENT on other pieces to form a sound unit
Assembly-built or performance-designed construction
This describes all manner of materials used to cover or encase walls, ceilings, and roofs of frame structures
Sheathing
Concerning structural hierarchy, this is perhaps the most important part of the hierarchy
Columns
What is a concept that defines the progressive order in which building loads are delivered to earth?
Structural hierarchy
An engineered structural element that uses groups of rigid triangles to distribute and transfer loads the triangles create an open web space.
Truss
A truss is nothing more than a structure that consist of one or more triangles, formed by straight members whose ends are connected at joints that are referred to as ____.
Nodes
This is the simplest geometric figure that will not change shape when subjected to a load if the lengths of the sides are fixed to retain its shape
Triangular design/shape
This is those Essential underpinnings of a building that allow it to stand erect and resist imposed loads and gravity.
structural Elements
A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind
Shear wall
