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AORB > Ch 3 Anatomy of a Bldg > Flashcards

Ch 3 Anatomy of a Bldg Flashcards

1
Q

A beam supported by columns at the two points near its ends

A

Simple beam

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2
Q

A beam supported by three or more columns

A

Continuous beam

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3
Q

A beam supported at only one end, or a beam that extends well passed a support in such a way that the unsupported overhang places the top of the beam intention, and the bottom in compression

A

Cantilever beam

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4
Q

A beam that spans an opening in a loadbearing wall, such as over a garage door opening (often called a header)

A

Lintel

(Beans will “open” your butthole)

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5
Q

A beam that carries other beams

A

Girder

Has the girth to carry beams

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6
Q

A beam attached to a wall column that serves as a shelf for other beams or building features

A

Ledger

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7
Q

A wood or steel beam used to create a floor or roof assembly that supports sheeting or decking.

A

Joist

(Floor joists)

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8
Q

A sloped wood joist that supports Roofing coverings between a Ridge beam and wall plate on peaked and hipped roofs

A

Rafter

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9
Q

The uppermost beam of a pitched roof

A

Ridge beam

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10
Q

A beam placed horizontally and perpendicularly to trusses or beams to help support roof sheeting, or to hang ceilings

A

Purlin

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11
Q

A beam that has one or both end supported from above by a cable or rod

A

Suspended beam (sometimes called a hung beam)

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12
Q

Simplest form of a truss

A

Planar truss

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13
Q

A truss with a single web member. It consists of two angle supports that intersect a common vertical support that is joined to the bottom cord.

A

King post truss

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14
Q

The most common type of truss used to form a peaked roof

A

Triangular truss

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15
Q

A truss in which the top and bottom chords run in the same plane

A

Parallel chord truss

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16
Q

A steel parallel cord truss assembled with angle iron for the chords and cold drawn round billet for the web. The pieces are tack welded together to form the truss unit.

A

Bar truss or bar joist

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17
Q

A truss where the top cord is arched, and the bottom cord is straight (horizontal). Often called bowstring trusses.

Can be labeled as rigid arch or bowstring

A

Arched truss

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18
Q

This truss has a curved self supporting top cord (not tied by the bottom cord) and horizontal bottom cord, along with web members that are all rigidly connected. The load of the truss is delivered, axially downward through the bottom cord, and onto support walls or columns.

A

Rigid arch truss (or rib arch truss)

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19
Q

A tied truss with an arched upper cord and horizontal tension bottom cord that connects the ends of the arched cord, creating compression in the top cord. Diagonal web members are added to help transfer loads.

A

Bowstring truss

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20
Q

The top cord of this truss of abuts to the support wall or column. This truss typically requires buttresses or pilaster for masonry walls to help accept the lateral forces that may be developed as the live loads are gained or lost on the roof.

A

Bowstring truss

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21
Q

Types of arched roofs that are not true trusses (two types)

A

Tied arch and lamella

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22
Q

Four structural elements

A

Foundations
Columns
Beams
Connections

FCBC

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23
Q

The hollow shape of a triangle is referred to as

A

Open Web

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24
Q

Two common arch trusses that can be encountered at structure fires

A

Rigid arch truss
Bowstring truss

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25
Q

Four notable methods that can create an arched roof

A
  • Bowstring truss
  • Rigid arch truss
  • Lamella
  • Tied arch
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26
Q

This type of truss uses a trapezoidal shape (unequal parallel chords) and diagonal tension members between each panel (or section) of the truss

A

Pratt truss

(Bridge truss Ch 8)

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27
Q

This man improved on Pratts design using wrought iron as diagonal tension members that cross multiple panels

A

Squire Whipple, known as the father of modern bridge construction

28
Q

Connections that use a screw, nail, nut and bolt, rivet or similar device to pass through the elements being connected. Spot weld also considered this.

A

Pinned Connection

29
Q

A single-story exterior wall used to enclose a space

A

Panel wall

30
Q

An exterior wall used to enclose multiple stories

A

Curtain wall

31
Q

A wall used to divide areas or rooms into smaller areas or to separate one portion of an area from another and usually not loadbearing

A

Partition wall

32
Q

A wall shared by two buildings or two occupancies within the same building. If this wall carries beams or structural assemblies, it is a structural element.

A

Party wall

33
Q

A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind

A

Sheer wall

34
Q

A decorative only wall added to help improve the buildings appearance

A

Veneer wall

35
Q

A building constructed on site, one piece at a time. The building is enclosed by simple siding attached, right to the framing.

A

Framed also known as stick built

36
Q

A poured in place concrete and steel building that forms a “single stone”

A

Monolithic

37
Q

The same as a skeletal frame building

A

Post and beam

38
Q

A building constructed with a series of post columns and beams (no loadbearing walls). This building is enclosed by panel or curtain exterior walls.

A

Skeletal frame

39
Q

A structure built, using pre-fabricated load bearing wall sections (typically reinforced concrete) that are tilted upright, then pinned together

A

Tilt-up

40
Q

A building were beams or roof/floor assemblies rest on the load-bearing walls (as opposed to posts)

A

Wall-bearing

41
Q

_____ are weight distributing pads that serve as the bottom of foundations, typically the lowest deepest part of any building and directly contact earth

A

Footers

42
Q

These are installed below grade to service structural support for other structural elements and also the whole back soil and other materials. Normally poured in place, steel rebar reinforced concrete although masonry block, precast panels, or heavy timbers and planking can be used.

A

Foundation walls

43
Q

These are flat horizontal elements that simply rest on the ground

A

Slabs

44
Q

Vertical posts that are driven down into the earth to serve as the foundation or foundation anchor of buildings

A

Pilings

45
Q

Any structural element that is loaded axially, along its length, in compression. Can take on the form of a wall or a post.

A

Column

46
Q

A freestanding, vertical post monument or architectural feature

A

Pillar

47
Q

An exterior wall bracing feature used to assist with lateral forces created were roof beams or trusses rest on a wall

A

Buttress

Lateral = buttress
Strengthen wall = pilaster

48
Q

This appears as interior or exterior vertical stack that thickens a wall column (Interior)

A

p-I-laster

I in interior and pilaster

49
Q

This is a separate diagonally, stacked brick, stone or concrete wall that protrudes perpendicularly from the wall column supporting the roof

A

Buttress

50
Q

A decorative column that protrudes and relief from a wall to give the appearance of a separate post column

A

Pilaster

Vertical stack or decorative = Pilaster

51
Q

The length that a beam can span is ______ to its depth

A

Directly proportional

52
Q

The load that a beam can carry is proportional to ______ of its depth

A

The square

53
Q

An engineered collection of interconnected building components that form a COHESIVE STRUCTURAL unit such as a roof or a floor

A

Structural assembly

54
Q

The buildings resistance and reaction to heat, fire, smoke, firefighting, impacts, and gravity

A

Building integrity

55
Q

The structural elements of any building

FCBC

A

Foundation
Columns
Beams
Connections

56
Q

Horizontal columns are called ____ and diagonal columns are called ____

A
  • Struts
  • Rakers
57
Q

Four types of connections

A

Pinned
Rigid
(Restrained)

Gravity
Friction
(Unrestrained)

58
Q

The basics of this type of construction is that individual pieces of an assembly are CODEPENDENT on other pieces to form a sound unit

A

Assembly-built or performance-designed construction

59
Q

This describes all manner of materials used to cover or encase walls, ceilings, and roofs of frame structures

A

Sheathing

60
Q

Concerning structural hierarchy, this is perhaps the most important part of the hierarchy

A

Columns

61
Q

What is a concept that defines the progressive order in which building loads are delivered to earth?

A

Structural hierarchy

62
Q

An engineered structural element that uses groups of rigid triangles to distribute and transfer loads the triangles create an open web space.

A

Truss

63
Q

A truss is nothing more than a structure that consist of one or more triangles, formed by straight members whose ends are connected at joints that are referred to as ____.

A

Nodes

64
Q

This is the simplest geometric figure that will not change shape when subjected to a load if the lengths of the sides are fixed to retain its shape

A

Triangular design/shape

65
Q

This is those Essential underpinnings of a building that allow it to stand erect and resist imposed loads and gravity.

A

structural Elements

66
Q

A reinforcement wall that adds building stiffness to help resist the impact load of wind

A

Shear wall

AORB (10 decks)

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