Ch. 8 Pelvic Gridle

Question 1

Functions

Answer 1

• sacrum, coccyx, and right and left ossa coxae
• protects and supports the viscera in inferior part of ventral body cavity
• pelvic girdle and associated ligaments support weight of the body from vertebral column
• pelvic girdle refers to left and right ossa coxae only

Question 2

Skeleton of Lower Limb

Answer 2

• skeleton of lower limb consists of two separate regions
  1. single pelvic girdle
  2. free part

Question 3

Pelvic Hip Girdle

Answer 3

• each coxal bone consists of 3 bones that fuse together; illium, ischium, and pubis
• 2 coxal bones are joined anteriorly by the pubic symphysis (fibrocartilage)
• joined posteriorly by sacrum forming sacroilliac joints

Question 4

Illium

Answer 4

• largest
• superior part of hip bone
• superior ala, and inferior body which forms the acetabulum (socket for head of femur)
• superior border- iliac crest
• hip pointer- occurs at anterior superior illiac spine
• greater sciatic notch- allows passage of sciatic nerve

Question 5

Ischium and Pubis

Answer 5

ischium: inferior and posterior part of hip bone
- most prominent feature is ischial tuberosity; part that meets the chair when you are sitting
pubis: inferior and anterior part of hip bone
- superior and inferior rami and body

Question 6

False and True Pelves

Answer 6

Pelvic brim: ilne from sacral promontory to upper part of the pubic symphysis
false pelvis: lies above the this line
- contains no pelvic organs except uniary bladder and uterus during pregnancy
true pelvis: bony pelvis inferior to pelvic brim, has an inlet, an outlet and a cavity; contains sex organs
pelvic axis: path of baby during bith

Question 7

Male VS Female Pelves

Answer 7

males:
- larger and heavier
- pelvic inlet is smaller and heart shaped
- pubic arch is less than 90
females:
- wider and shallower
- pubic arch is greater than 90
- more space in true pelvis

Question 8

Muscles that Move The Coxal Joint

Answer 8

• originate from pelvic girdle and vertebral column
• insert on various places on the femur
• stabilize the hip joint; provide support for body during locomotion
• most are massive muscles
• divided into anterior, posterior and medial groups

Question 9

Muscles the Move the Thigh (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral)

Answer 9

Anterior (flexor): illiacus, psoas major, sartorius, rectus femoris
Posterior Gluteal (extensor, abductors, rotators): gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
Medial or Adductor: adductor mangus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracillis, pectineus
Lateral: tensor fascie latae

Question 10

Deep lateral thigh rotators

Answer 10

5-6 lateral rotator muscles of hip joint over the posterior aspect of the hip
1. Piriforms
2&3. sup. and inferior gemelis
4. Obturator interneus
5. Obturator externus
6. Quadratus femoris
- all these muscles are rotators and abductors that rotate thigh laterally

Question 11

Illiacus

Answer 11

• iliac fossa of sacrum
• lesser trochanter of femur
• flexes and rotates thigh laterally

Question 12

Psoas Major

Answer 12

• major and minor from lumbar vertebrae
  o: transverse process and body of lumbar vertebrae
  i: lesser trochanter
• flexes and rotate thigh laterally

Question 13

Sartorius

Answer 13

o: anterior superior illiac spine
i: medial surface of body of tibia
- longest flexor and rotator muscle of the thigh, flexes, abduct and rotates leg medially

Question 14

Rectus Femoris

Answer 14

o: anterior inferior illiac spine
i: tibial tuberosity
- extends and flexes thigh as a hip joint

Question 15

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 15

• has extensive attachments
• forms roundness of buttock
• powerful hip extensor and lateral rotator

Question 16

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

Answer 16

• lie deeper and originate from illium

- abduct and medially rotate thigh at hip joint

Question 17

Medial Group of Muscles

Answer 17

• most are adductors of the hip
• some aid in hip flexion
• common origion on pubic bone (inferior ramus, pectineal line or pubic crest)
• most insert on shaft of femur

Question 18

Adductor Magnus

Answer 18

• largest and deep to other adductor
• some fibers arise from the pubis and ischium, and insert into femur
• adduct, rotate and extend thigh at hip joint

Question 19

Adductor Longus

Answer 19

• near pubic symphasis area

- adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh at hip joint

Question 20

Adductor Brevis

Answer 20

• located in ramus and body of pubis

- adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh

Question 21

Gracilis

Answer 21

• medial muscle

- inserts on tibis and act to flex knee/leg

Question 22

Pectineus

Answer 22

• originate from pectineal line of pubic ramus

- adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint

Question 23

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Answer 23

o: iliac crest/spine
i: tibia by the way of iliotibial tract
- flexes and abducts thigh medially at hip joint

Question 24

Innervation of Pelvic Girdle

Answer 24

• forms medial and lateral plantar nerves
• cutaneous innervation to calf of leg, plantar surface of foot
• motor innervation to posterior thigh and leg muscles and intrinsic muscles of foot

Question 25

Innervation of Pelvic Girdle (Lumbar Plexus)

Answer 25

lumbar plexus

• femoral nerve- posterior division of lumbar plexus- innervates- anterior, lateral, and medial portion of the leg and foot
• obturator nerve- anterior division of lumbar plexus- innervates- innervates of medial and adductor muscles of the thigh