Ch. 25 Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
Overview
A
- consists of two kidneys; two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
- after kidney’s filter blood plasma, return most of the water and solutes to the bloodstream
- remaining water and solutes constitute urine
2
Q
Kidneys Location
A
- retroperitoneum and posterior wall of abdomen, between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertevrae
- partially protected by 11 and 12 ribs
3
Q
Kidneys Function
A
- regulation of blood ionic composition
- regulation of blood pH
- regulation of blood pressure
- maintenance of blood osmolarity
- production of hormones
- regulation of blood glucose level
- excretion of wastes and foreign substances
4
Q
External Anatomy
A
- renal hilum
- 3 layers: renal capsule (deep), adipose capsule (middle), renal fascia (superficial)
- concave medial border of each kidney faces the vertebral column
5
Q
3 Layers Surround each Kidney
A
Renal Hilum: ureter emerges from kidney along with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
- Renal Capsule: deep, smooth, transparent sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter
- Adipose Capsule: middle layer and a mass of fatty tissue surrounding renal capsule that protects kidney from trauma and holds it firmly in place within abdominal cavity
- Renal Fascia: dense regular connective tissue, anchors kidneys to surrounding structures and to abdominal wall
6
Q
Internal Anatomy
A
2 distinct regions:
- renal cortex-light-red region
- Renal medullar-dark red brown region
- renal medulla consists of several renal pyramids
- renal papilla
- portions of renal cortex that extend between renal pyramids are renal columns
- parenchyma
- nephrons
- papillary ducts
- renal papillae
- minor and major calyces
- renal pelvis
- renal sinus: renal pelvis, calyces and branches of bl. vessels
7
Q
Renal Lobe
A
- renal pyramid
- renal cortex
- renal column
8
Q
Blood and Nerve Supply of Kidney
A
- renal arteries
- segmental arteris
- interlobar arteris
- renal lobe
- arcuate arteries
- afferent arterioles
- glomerulus
- efferent arteriole
- pertitubular capillaries
- vasa recta
9
Q
Nephron
A
2 parts: - renal capsule (filtration of plasma) - renal tubule (filter fluid passes) 2 components of renal corpuscle: - glomerulus (capillary network) - glomeruler (Bowman's) capsule fluid (filtrate) passes through renal tubule consisting of: - proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) - nephron loop (loop of Henele) - distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
10
Q
Gloerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
A
- podocytes within visceral layer
- Capsular (Bowman’s) space
11
Q
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
A
- principle cells: have receptors for 2 hormones that regulate function
1. antiduretic hormone (ADH)
2. Aldosterone - intercalated cells: plays a role in homeostasis of blood pH
12
Q
Functions of Nephrons
A
- produce urine, nephron and collecting ducts perform 3 basic processes:
- glomeruler filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
13
Q
Glomeruler Filtration
A
- fluid that enters the capsular space is called glomeruler filtrate
- average daily volume of glomeruler filtrate is 150 liters in females and 180 in males
- filtratoin membrane or endothelia-capsular membrane
- filtered substances move from bloodstream through three barriers: fenestrations, basal lamina, pedicels
14
Q
Filtration (endothelial-capsular) membrane
A
- fenestration of glomeruler endothelial cell prevents filtration of blood cells but allows all components of blood plasma to pass through
- basal lamina of glomerulus prevents filtration of larger proteins
- slit membrane between pedicels prevents filtration of medium-sized proteins
15
Q
Tubular Reabsorption
A
- epithelial cells all along the renal tubule and duct carry out reabsorption, but proximal convoluted tubule cells make the largest contribution
