Ch. 8 Metabolism and Nutritional Needs

Question 1

What neuroendocrine changes occur in sick/injured animals deprived of food

Answer 1

sympathetic nervous system activation, increased production of catecholamines, glucagon, glucocorticoids, increased production of antidiuretic hormone, activation of the RAAS system

Question 2

What is the result of neuroendocrine changes in a sick starving animal

Answer 2

decreased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, relative insulin resistance, increased protein catabolism, nitrogen loss, increased inflammatory mediators, increased metabolic rate

Question 3

What are the parts of the intestinal epithelial barrier system?

Answer 3

tight junction proteins
mucin layer
paneth cell derived antimicrobial factors (like lysozyme and alpha defensins)
secretory immunoglobulin A

Question 4

What is the recommended protein intake for adult dogs and cats

Answer 4

dog: 2.62-3.28 g/body weight in kg
cat: 3.97-5.9 g/body weight in kg

Per day I guess but it does not say

Question 5

How is total body water divided?

Answer 5

intracellular - 64%
interstitial - 22%
plasma - 7%
transcellular - 7%

Question 6

To get a diet of 20-30% fat, what content of the dry diet needs to be fat?

Answer 6

8-10% of dry matter will end up providing 20-30% of total energy requirements through fat

Question 7

What are polymeric diets

Answer 7

high molecular weight protein, carbs, and fats and require digestion before absorption can occur
usually iso-osmolar
can be used with large or small feeding tubes

Question 8

What are monomeric diets?

Answer 8

liquid and usually hyperosmolor

usually used with enterostomy feeding tubes