Ch. 22 Anesthesia Practice Flashcards
what is the goal of a premedication
sedation, analgesia, smooth anesthetic induction and reduction of anesthetic drugs used for induction and maintenance
what is the concept of minimum alveolar concentration reduction
the addition of anesthetic or analgesic drugs changes the required dose of inhalant anesthetic
what kind of cardiac dysfunction results from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
what kind of drugs would you use?
HCM results in diastolic dysfunction
using drugs to slow heart rate would be helpful - beta blockers or calcium channel blockers, may even want some negative ionotropes to cause vasodilation which can increase stroke volume and decrease afterload
what is the Branham reflex
a reflexive decrease in heart rate after ligation of a PDA due to an abrupt increase in afterload
what are the criteria for starting lidocaine for an arrhythmia?
- ventricular tachycardia
- multiform ventricular beats
- hypotension with ventricular beats
- R on T
what is thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy
chronic stimulation by catecholamines in cats with hyperthyroidism leads to hypertrophic cardiac disease
what is hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?
a compensatory mechanism that results in vasoconstriction of the blood flow to alveoli that do not have an adequate oxygen supply
it helps to balance V/Q matching but unfortunately, inhalant anesthetics eliminate this compensation
what are the four mechanisms of heat exchange and how do they relate to anesthetic patients
- evaporative
- conductive
- convection
- radiation
Evaporative - mostly via lungs and feet
Conductive - from direct contact with cold surface - about 10% of heat loss
Convection - contact with cold air or water washing over the patient - 30% of heat loss
Radiation - continual loss of heat via infrared energy - 50% of heat loss
how does forced air warming warm anesthetized patients?
resists heat that would be lost via convection and is more effective than blankets or warm fluids
