Ch. 8 Energy Balance Flashcards
electrical transformation of energy
brain and nerve activity
thermal transformation of energy
regulation of body temperature
sources of energy INPUT
fuel/food
Two types of metabolic reactions
Anabolism
Catabolism
3 sources of stored energy
Glycogen
Muscle mass
Adipose fat tissue
Glycogen -source of stored energy
12-36 hour reserve in liver and muscles
3 types of thyroid tests
- TSH
- T3
- T4
3 Factors influencing BMR
- body size and composition
- growth
- fever and disease
____ determines BMR and nutrient needs, is 30-65 percent of total body weight in adults, and is maintained by physical activity
Lean body mass (LBM)
Body fat is determined by number and size of _________
adipocytes
Varies with fatness and leanness, age, hydration status and health status
body water
Body water is ___ to ___ percent of body weight
50 to 65 percent
_____ tissue contains more water than ____ tissue
lean
fat
Mineral mass is ___ to ___ percent of body weight
4 to 6 percent
Two major minerals
calcium and phosphorus
Desirable range for BMI
- 5 to 24.9 kg/m2
- severe obesity greater than 35 kg/m2
Energy imbalance-surplus energy input (food) over energy output (total energy expenditure)
overweight
Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and elevated blood lipids are examples of what type of problems
metabolic problems
Physical disability, osteoarthritis, pulmonary diseases are examples of what type of problem
degenerative problems
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obstructive sleep apnea are examples of what type of problem
anatomic problems
