Ch. 3 Carbohydrates

Question 1

2 basic fuels

Answer 1

starches and sugars

Question 2

What is the significance of the three nutrients; carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

Answer 2

the ability to SUPPLY energy

Question 3

Plants use ______ from sunlight, _____ ____ from air, and _____ from soil to manufacture ______ and ______. The process is called ________

Answer 3

energy
carbon dioxide
water
starches and sugars
photosynthesis

Question 4

In photosynthesis, what is the catalyst?

Answer 4

chlorophyll

Question 5

Starches and sugars broken down rapidly by the body is an example of what?

Answer 5

quick-energy foods

-starches and sugars are our primary source of energy

Question 6

Fruits, vegetables, cereals, grains and dairy supply _______

Answer 6

carbohydrates

Question 7

Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of sugar _______ units

Answer 7

saccharide

Question 8

Monosaccharides 3 components

Answer 8

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 9

• found naturally in few foods
• all SUGARS converted to this in body

-monosaccharide

Answer 9

Glucose

Question 10

Glucose is also called what in hospital intravenous solutions?

Answer 10

dextrose

Question 11

• sweetest simple sugar
• found naturally in fruits and honey
• converted to glucose and burned for energy in body

-monosaccharide

Answer 11

Fructose

Question 12

Fructose is converted to ______ and burned for energy in body.

Answer 12

glucose

Question 13

• produced by digestion of lactose (milk sugar)
• converted to glucose in liver

-monosaccharide

Answer 13

Galactose

Question 14

Galactose is converted to _____ in liver

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

3 Disaccharides

Answer 15

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 16

• 1 glucose + 1 fructose
• “table sugar” from sugar cane
• added sweetener in many processed foods

-disaccharide

Answer 16

Sucrose

Question 17

• 1 glucose+1 galactose
• found in milk
• least sweet disaccharide

Answer 17

Lactose

Question 18

• 1 glucose + 1 glucose

- disaccharide

Answer 18

Maltose

Question 19

• “sugar free” foods

- can be used by person with diabetes

Answer 19

Sugar alcohols

Question 20

Polysaccharides

Answer 20

starch
resistant starch
glycogen
dextrin

Question 21

Carbohydrates serve as a primary fuel for the body cells, especially the ____

Answer 21

brain

Question 22

Excessive carbohydrate intake increases demand for _____

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

Low carbohydrate diets are usually high in ____

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

Fiber is a _______ carbohydrate. Humans lack the enzyme to break down these complex carbohydrates.

Answer 24

nondigestible

Question 25

Humans lack the enzymes to break down _____ carbohydrates

Answer 25

complex

Question 26

promotes laxation binds bile acids and cholesterol promotes growth of beneficial colonic microflora slows rise in blood glucose and insulin levels

Answer 26

health benefits of fiber

Question 27

Pancreatic amylase breaks down ____ to _____

Answer 27

starch | maltose

Question 28

80 percent of carbohydrates are absorbed as ____, and 2- percent as _____ and _____. In the liver, _____ and _____ are converted to glucose

Answer 28

``` glucose galactose fructose fructose galactose ```

Question 29

Glucose not needed to immediate energy is converted to ______ or _____ tissue

Answer 29

glycogen | adipose tissue

Question 30

______ are often referred to as quick energy foods and are our primary source of energy.

Answer 30

carbohydrates

Question 31

Carbohydrates contain what elements

Answer 31

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 32

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are referred to as ____ carbohydrates because of their relatively small size and structure, and are easily digestible and provide quick energy.

Answer 32

simple carbohydrates

Question 33

Polysaccharides, including starch and fibers are called ____ carbohydrates based on their larger size and more complicated structure.

Answer 33

complex carbohydrates

Question 34

_____ is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals.

Answer 34

Glycogen

Question 35

The ____ and ____ ____ system depends on carbohydrates for energy but have a very low carbohydrate reserve.

Answer 35

brain and central nervous system