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Nutrition Midterm > Ch. 3 Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

2 basic fuels

A

starches and sugars

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2
Q

What is the significance of the three nutrients; carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

A

the ability to SUPPLY energy

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3
Q

Plants use ______ from sunlight, _____ ____ from air, and _____ from soil to manufacture ______ and ______. The process is called ________

A 
energy
carbon dioxide
water
starches and sugars
photosynthesis
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4
Q

In photosynthesis, what is the catalyst?

A

chlorophyll

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5
Q

Starches and sugars broken down rapidly by the body is an example of what?

A

quick-energy foods

-starches and sugars are our primary source of energy

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6
Q

Fruits, vegetables, cereals, grains and dairy supply _______

A

carbohydrates

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7
Q

Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of sugar _______ units

A

saccharide

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8
Q

Monosaccharides 3 components

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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9
Q
  • found naturally in few foods
  • all SUGARS converted to this in body

-monosaccharide

A

Glucose

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10
Q

Glucose is also called what in hospital intravenous solutions?

A

dextrose

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11
Q
  • sweetest simple sugar
  • found naturally in fruits and honey
  • converted to glucose and burned for energy in body

-monosaccharide

A

Fructose

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12
Q

Fructose is converted to ______ and burned for energy in body.

A

glucose

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13
Q
  • produced by digestion of lactose (milk sugar)
  • converted to glucose in liver

-monosaccharide

A

Galactose

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14
Q

Galactose is converted to _____ in liver

A

glucose

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15
Q

3 Disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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16
Q
  • 1 glucose + 1 fructose
  • “table sugar” from sugar cane
  • added sweetener in many processed foods

-disaccharide

A

Sucrose

17
Q
  • 1 glucose+1 galactose
  • found in milk
  • least sweet disaccharide
A

Lactose

18
Q
  • 1 glucose + 1 glucose

- disaccharide

A

Maltose

19
Q
  • “sugar free” foods

- can be used by person with diabetes

A

Sugar alcohols

20
Q

Polysaccharides

A

starch
resistant starch
glycogen
dextrin

21
Q

Carbohydrates serve as a primary fuel for the body cells, especially the ____

A

brain

22
Q

Excessive carbohydrate intake increases demand for _____

A

insulin

23
Q

Low carbohydrate diets are usually high in ____

A

fat

24
Q

Fiber is a _______ carbohydrate. Humans lack the enzyme to break down these complex carbohydrates.

A

nondigestible

25
Q

Humans lack the enzymes to break down _____ carbohydrates

A

complex

26
Q

promotes laxation

binds bile acids and cholesterol

promotes growth of beneficial colonic microflora

slows rise in blood glucose and insulin levels

A

health benefits of fiber

27
Q

Pancreatic amylase breaks down ____ to _____

A

starch

maltose

28
Q

80 percent of carbohydrates are absorbed as ____, and 2- percent as _____ and _____. In the liver, _____ and _____ are converted to glucose

A 
glucose
galactose
fructose
fructose 
galactose
29
Q

Glucose not needed to immediate energy is converted to ______ or _____ tissue

A

glycogen

adipose tissue

30
Q

______ are often referred to as quick energy foods and are our primary source of energy.

A

carbohydrates

31
Q

Carbohydrates contain what elements

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

32
Q

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are referred to as ____ carbohydrates because of their relatively small size and structure, and are easily digestible and provide quick energy.

A

simple carbohydrates

33
Q

Polysaccharides, including starch and fibers are called ____ carbohydrates based on their larger size and more complicated structure.

A

complex carbohydrates

34
Q

_____ is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals.

A

Glycogen

35
Q

The ____ and ____ ____ system depends on carbohydrates for energy but have a very low carbohydrate reserve.

A

brain and central nervous system

Nutrition Midterm (9 decks)

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