Ch. 2 Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism

Question 1

The internal control responsible for maintaining a constant chemical environment and keeping the many functional systems operating in harmony

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, colon, rectum are part of what system?

Answer 2

The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 3

Function of small intestine and large intestine

Answer 3

Delivers nutrients into the blood

Question 4

____ deficiency causes loss of taste (hypogeusia)

Answer 4

zinc

Question 5

When swallowing, the ____ closes to prevent food from entering trachea and lungs.

Answer 5

larynx

Question 6

Caused by regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents into esophagus

Answer 6

GERD or heartburn

Question 7

____ to ____ mL of saliva per day is produced

Answer 7

800 to 1500

Question 8

• indigestible carbohydrates that promote growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria
• increase mineral absorption,
• protects against colon cancer

Answer 8

prebiotics

Question 9

• Nutritional supplements of living microorganisms

- Lactic acid-producing bacteria

Answer 9

probiotics

Question 10

3 carbohydrate sources

Answer 10

1. dietary sugar and starches
2. glycogen
3. products of intermediate metabolism

Question 11

Inscisors _____ and molars ____ food

Answer 11

cut

grind

Question 12

____ secretor HCl creates necessary pH for stomach enzymes to work

Answer 12

Acid

Question 13

_____ secretion protects stomach lining; binds, mixes, and helps move food.

Answer 13

Mucus

Question 14

4 types of secretion

Answer 14

1. enzyme
2. mucus
3. hormones:secretin
4. bile

Question 15

Two routes of absorption

Answer 15

1. Portal bloodstream

2. Lymphatic system

Question 16

What is required for absorption of vitamin B12

Answer 16

Gastric acid

Question 17

When fat enters the duodenum, the local gastrointestinal hormone _________ is secreted by glands in the intestinal mucosa and stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile.

Answer 17

cholocystokinin (CCK)

Question 18

_____ is an immediate energy source for all body cells, but it is the preferred energy source for the brain and nervous system.

Answer 18

Glucose