Ch. 1 Nutrition and Health

Question 1

Definition: The food people eat and how it nourishes their bodies

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

Definition : The nutrient requirements for body maintenance growth activity and reproduction

Answer 2

Nutrition science

Question 3

Definition: Health profession responsible for application of nutrition science to persons or groups in various conditions of health and disease

Answer 3

Dietetics

Question 4

Definition : Nutrition expert on the healthcare team responsible for nutrition care of patients

Answer 4

Registered dietitian (RD)

Question 5

Macronutrients 3 components and 2 functions

Answer 5

• carbohydrates, fat, proteins

- supply energy and build tissue

Question 6

Micronutrients 2 components and 2 functions

Answer 6

• vitamins and minerals

- regulation and control

Question 7

The sum of all the chemical processes in the body that sustain life and health

Answer 7

metabolism

Question 8

• Starches and sugars
• Primary source of HEAT and ENERGY
• Stored in the body as GLYCOGEN
• provide 4kcal/g

Answer 8

Carbohydrates

Question 9

Majority of carbohydrate calories should be from ______ carbohydrates

Answer 9

complex

Question 10

• An alternative source of energy
• storage form of heat and energy
• provides 9 kcal/g

Answer 10

Fats

Question 11

___ to ___ percent of total kilocalories should be from carbohydrates

Answer 11

45-60 percent

Question 12

Fats should provide no more than ____ to ____ percent of total caloric intake

Answer 12

20-35 percent

Question 13

• Provide energy when shortage of fuel supply occurs
• can provide 4kcal/g
• provides 10-35 percent of caloric intake
• primary function is TISSUE BUILDING

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

_____ and ____ provide strength to bones and teeth

Answer 14

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 15

Iron is a component of _____ and binds ______ for transport to cells

Answer 15

hemoglobin

oxygen

Question 16

Many act as coenzyme factors

Answer 16

minerals

Question 17

Definition: Excess energy intake and low levels of physical activity, excessive intake of micronutrients from supplements

Answer 17

Overnutrition

Question 18

3 Energy Sources

Answer 18

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 19

________ supply energy and build tissue, _________ are needed in smaller amounts, form specialized structures and regulate body processes.

Answer 19

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

Question 20

The breakdown product of dietary carbohydrates

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

The storage form of carbohydrate and available for quick energy when glucose is needed

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

1 gram of carbohydrate yields how many kilocarloies?

Answer 22

4 kilocalories

Question 23

sugar and starch are…

Answer 23

carbohydrates

primary sources of fuel for heat and energy

Question 24

Starch is a ______ carbohydrate, and sugar is a ______ carbohydrate

Answer 24

starch=complex carbohydrate

sugar=simple carbohydrate

Question 25

Two sources of fat

Answer 25

animal or plant sources

Question 26

______ contains nitrogen are broken down into amino acids, the building blocks for body growth and repair, and also form enzymes and hormones that regulate body systems.

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

______ HELP build tissues

Answer 27

Minerals

Question 28

______ is stored in the body as adipose tissue as an energy reserve.

Answer 28

Fat

Question 29

Substances that cannot be made by the body but must be supplied in food. These include essential fatty acids, essential amino acids for making protein, vitamins, and minerals.

Answer 29

essential nutrients

Question 30

Substances in food that are essential for energy, growth, normal body function, and maintenance of life.

Answer 30

nutrients

Question 31

_____ is a nutrient class that includes ____, ____ and _____; _____ should be the major source of energy in the diet.

Answer 31

``` Carbohydrate starch sugar fiber starch ```

Question 32

_______ is a nutrient providing a concentrated form of energy; stored as adipose tissue as an energy reserve; supplies essential fatty acids in the diet.

Answer 32

Fat

Question 33

Nutrient that contains nitrogen and essential amino acids; amino acids serve as building blocks for forming body tissues, enzymes, and hormones.

Answer 33

Protein