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Nutrition Midterm > Ch. 1 Nutrition and Health > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Nutrition and Health Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: The food people eat and how it nourishes their bodies

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

Definition : The nutrient requirements for body maintenance growth activity and reproduction

A

Nutrition science

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3
Q

Definition: Health profession responsible for application of nutrition science to persons or groups in various conditions of health and disease

A

Dietetics

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4
Q

Definition : Nutrition expert on the healthcare team responsible for nutrition care of patients

A

Registered dietitian (RD)

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5
Q

Macronutrients 3 components and 2 functions

A
  • carbohydrates, fat, proteins

- supply energy and build tissue

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6
Q

Micronutrients 2 components and 2 functions

A
  • vitamins and minerals

- regulation and control

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7
Q

The sum of all the chemical processes in the body that sustain life and health

A

metabolism

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8
Q
  • Starches and sugars
  • Primary source of HEAT and ENERGY
  • Stored in the body as GLYCOGEN
  • provide 4kcal/g
A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

Majority of carbohydrate calories should be from ______ carbohydrates

A

complex

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10
Q
  • An alternative source of energy
  • storage form of heat and energy
  • provides 9 kcal/g
A

Fats

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11
Q

___ to ___ percent of total kilocalories should be from carbohydrates

A

45-60 percent

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12
Q

Fats should provide no more than ____ to ____ percent of total caloric intake

A

20-35 percent

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13
Q
  • Provide energy when shortage of fuel supply occurs
  • can provide 4kcal/g
  • provides 10-35 percent of caloric intake
  • primary function is TISSUE BUILDING
A

Proteins

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14
Q

_____ and ____ provide strength to bones and teeth

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

Iron is a component of _____ and binds ______ for transport to cells

A

hemoglobin

oxygen

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16
Q

Many act as coenzyme factors

A

minerals

17
Q

Definition: Excess energy intake and low levels of physical activity, excessive intake of micronutrients from supplements

A

Overnutrition

18
Q

3 Energy Sources

A

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

19
Q

________ supply energy and build tissue, _________ are needed in smaller amounts, form specialized structures and regulate body processes.

A

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

20
Q

The breakdown product of dietary carbohydrates

A

glucose

21
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate and available for quick energy when glucose is needed

A

glycogen

22
Q

1 gram of carbohydrate yields how many kilocarloies?

A

4 kilocalories

23
Q

sugar and starch are…

A

carbohydrates

primary sources of fuel for heat and energy

24
Q

Starch is a ______ carbohydrate, and sugar is a ______ carbohydrate

A

starch=complex carbohydrate

sugar=simple carbohydrate

25
Q

Two sources of fat

A

animal or plant sources

26
Q

______ contains nitrogen are broken down into amino acids, the building blocks for body growth and repair, and also form enzymes and hormones that regulate body systems.

A

Proteins

27
Q

______ HELP build tissues

A

Minerals

28
Q

______ is stored in the body as adipose tissue as an energy reserve.

A

Fat

29
Q

Substances that cannot be made by the body but must be supplied in food. These include essential fatty acids, essential amino acids for making protein, vitamins, and minerals.

A

essential nutrients

30
Q

Substances in food that are essential for energy, growth, normal body function, and maintenance of life.

A

nutrients

31
Q

_____ is a nutrient class that includes ____, ____ and _____; _____ should be the major source of energy in the diet.

A 
Carbohydrate
starch
sugar
fiber
starch
32
Q

_______ is a nutrient providing a concentrated form of energy; stored as adipose tissue as an energy reserve; supplies essential fatty acids in the diet.

A

Fat

33
Q

Nutrient that contains nitrogen and essential amino acids; amino acids serve as building blocks for forming body tissues, enzymes, and hormones.

A

Protein

Nutrition Midterm (9 decks)

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