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Nutrition > Ch 8 Energy > Flashcards

Ch 8 Energy Flashcards

1
Q

This is transformed from one form to another not produced

A

Energy

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2
Q

Ultimate source of energy is what?

A

The sun

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3
Q

How do plants receive energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

In the body food fields are converted to what?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

What are the bodies forms of energy?

A

Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal

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6
Q

Chemical energy is changed to what for transmitting nerve impulses in caring out brain activities

A

Electrical energy

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7
Q

This is used to form new tissues and proteins for growth and metabolism

A

Chemical energy

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8
Q

This is used at any given moment in the performance of a task, it is unbound and in motion

A

Free energy

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9
Q

This type of energy is stored or bound in a chemical compound and is available when needed

A

Potential energy

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10
Q

Energy release must be controlled so that it will support life and not destroy it. how is this done?

A

By chemical bonding and controlled reaction rate

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11
Q

What are the chemical bonds that transfer energy in the body?

A

Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
High-energy phosphate bonds

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12
Q

Energy reactions in cells are regulated by what?

A

Enzymes
Coenzymes
Hormones

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13
Q

There are two types of reactions constantly going on in body metabolism?

A

Anabolism and catabolism

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14
Q

Do anabolism and catabolism reactions release free energy?

A

Yes but the work performed also uses up some free energy

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15
Q

the energy value of a particular food be measured using what?

A

Direct calorimetry

Calculation using approximate composition

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16
Q

Uses a metal container called a bomb calorimeter

Name from his long tubular shaped; this is a direct measurement

A

Calorimetry

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17
Q

This estimates the energy value of food by calculating the calories contributed by the carbohydrates, fat, and protein content

A

Approximate composition

18
Q

1g fat=
1g carbohydrate =
1g protien =
1g alcohol =

A

9cals
4cals
4cals
7 cals

19
Q

This type of body type has a body type that is generally slender and fragile

A

Ectomorph’s

20
Q

This body type has a prominent muscle and bone development

A

Mesomorphs

21
Q

this body type has a soft round physique with an accumulation of body fat

A

Endomorph’s

22
Q

Can people with normal weight still be over fat?

A

Yes

23
Q

What are the four compartments used to evaluate body composition?

A

Lean body mass (LBM)
Body fat
Body water
Mineral mass

24
Q

What are the factors that affects the size of body areas?

A 
Your gender
Age
Physical activity
Race
Climate
25
Q

How much body fat do men required to have?

A

3%

26
Q

How much body fat do women require for survival?

A

12%

27
Q

When women reproduce the capacity of body fat that they require is what percent?

A

20%

28
Q

What is the classic method for determining body composition?

A

Hydrostatic weighing by using Archimedes principle

Air displacement methods; BOD POD

29
Q

Other ways to measure body composition

A

X-ray principles-(DEXA)
Measures bone mineral density and age related bone loss

Bio electrical impendance systems-
Used in clinical settings

30
Q

What percent of men ages 20 and up are overweight?

A

74%

31
Q

What percent of women ages 20 and up overweight or obese?

A

64%

32
Q

What races have a higher rate of overweight and obesity statistic?

A

Hispanics, Mexicans, African-American women

33
Q

This replaces weight as a medical standard for obesity

Does not distinguish between excess fat and excess muscle

A

BMI

34
Q

How do you find your BMI?

A

Weight (kg) divided by height(m) x 2

35
Q

What is the desirable BMI range for adults?

A

18.5 to 24.9

36
Q

What number of BMI is considered overweight?

A

25-30

37
Q

What number of BMI is considered severe obesity?

A

35 and up

38
Q

What is the appropriate ways to hip ratio in men and women?

A

Men- .9 or less

Women-.8 or less

39
Q

Abdominal obesity is how many inches in women and men?

A

35 (88cm)in in women and 40 (102cm) in men

40
Q

Know the difference between pear and apple shaped body

A

Pair has a tiny waist with big hips (gynoid)

Apple shape has fat around the abdomen (android)

Nutrition (9 decks)

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