Ch 8 Energy Flashcards by Rachel P

This is transformed from one form to another not produced

Energy

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Ultimate source of energy is what?

The sun

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How do plants receive energy?

Photosynthesis

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In the body food fields are converted to what?

Glucose

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What are the bodies forms of energy?

Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal

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Chemical energy is changed to what for transmitting nerve impulses in caring out brain activities

Electrical energy

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This is used to form new tissues and proteins for growth and metabolism

Chemical energy

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This is used at any given moment in the performance of a task, it is unbound and in motion

Free energy

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This type of energy is stored or bound in a chemical compound and is available when needed

Potential energy

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Energy release must be controlled so that it will support life and not destroy it. how is this done?

By chemical bonding and controlled reaction rate

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What are the chemical bonds that transfer energy in the body?

Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
High-energy phosphate bonds

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Energy reactions in cells are regulated by what?

Enzymes
Coenzymes
Hormones

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There are two types of reactions constantly going on in body metabolism?

Anabolism and catabolism

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Do anabolism and catabolism reactions release free energy?

Yes but the work performed also uses up some free energy

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the energy value of a particular food be measured using what?

Direct calorimetry

Calculation using approximate composition

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Uses a metal container called a bomb calorimeter

Name from his long tubular shaped; this is a direct measurement

Calorimetry

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This estimates the energy value of food by calculating the calories contributed by the carbohydrates, fat, and protein content

Approximate composition

1g fat=
1g carbohydrate =
1g protien =
1g alcohol =

9cals
4cals
4cals
7 cals

This type of body type has a body type that is generally slender and fragile

Ectomorph’s

This body type has a prominent muscle and bone development

Mesomorphs

this body type has a soft round physique with an accumulation of body fat

Endomorph’s

Can people with normal weight still be over fat?

Yes

What are the four compartments used to evaluate body composition?

Lean body mass (LBM)
Body fat
Body water
Mineral mass

What are the factors that affects the size of body areas?

Your gender
Age
Physical activity
Race
Climate

How much body fat do men required to have?

How much body fat do women require for survival?

12%

When women reproduce the capacity of body fat that they require is what percent?

20%

What is the classic method for determining body composition?

Hydrostatic weighing by using Archimedes principle Air displacement methods; BOD POD

Other ways to measure body composition

X-ray principles-(DEXA) Measures bone mineral density and age related bone loss Bio electrical impendance systems- Used in clinical settings

What percent of men ages 20 and up are overweight?

74%

What percent of women ages 20 and up overweight or obese?

64%

What races have a higher rate of overweight and obesity statistic?

Hispanics, Mexicans, African-American women

This replaces weight as a medical standard for obesity Does not distinguish between excess fat and excess muscle

BMI

How do you find your BMI?

Weight (kg) divided by height(m) x 2

What is the desirable BMI range for adults?

18.5 to 24.9

What number of BMI is considered overweight?

25-30

What number of BMI is considered severe obesity?

35 and up

What is the appropriate ways to hip ratio in men and women?

Men- .9 or less | Women-.8 or less

Abdominal obesity is how many inches in women and men?

35 (88cm)in in women and 40 (102cm) in men

Know the difference between pear and apple shaped body

Pair has a tiny waist with big hips (gynoid) Apple shape has fat around the abdomen (android)