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med term > ch. 8 digestive system > Flashcards

ch. 8 digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

or/o, stoma/o

A

mouth

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2
Q

odont/i

A

teeth

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3
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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4
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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5
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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6
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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7
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

large intestine

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8
Q

an/o, proct/o

A

rectum and nus

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9
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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10
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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11
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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12
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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13
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

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14
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

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15
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

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16
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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17
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, common cause of gas in the stomach

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18
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

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19
Q

antiemetic

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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21
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine for the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

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22
Q

borborygmus

A

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

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23
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer and AIDS

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24
Q

canker sores

A

gray-white pits with a red border int he soft tissues lining the mouth

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25
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune disorder characterized by a sever reaction to ingesting gluten

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26
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

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27
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contract medium

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28
Q

cholangitis

A

acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain, fever, and jaundice

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29
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

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30
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking flow of bile

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31
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

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32
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

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33
Q

colonoscopy

A

direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum tot he cecum using a colonoscope

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34
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

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35
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract

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36
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar

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37
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon

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38
Q

diverticulosis

A

chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticular (sacs) formed in weak spots of the colon wall

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39
Q

dyspepsia

A

pain or discomfort in digestion

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40
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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41
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of internal structures

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42
Q

enema

A

placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

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43
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of small intestine

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44
Q

eructation

A

act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

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45
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

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46
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

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47
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

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48
Q

gastroesophageal reflex disease

A

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

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49
Q

gastroparesis

A

condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying

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50
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly on the abdomen, directly into the stomach

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51
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of coagulated blood

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52
Q

Hemoccult test

A

laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

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53
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

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54
Q

hiatal hernia

A

anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest

55
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydartion

56
Q

ileus

A

partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine

57
Q

inguinal hernia

A

protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall/groin

58
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

59
Q

leukoplakia

A

abnormal white sore that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek from irritation in mouth

60
Q

malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

61
Q

melena

A

passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

62
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of nasogastric feeding tube through nose into stomach

63
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

64
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft apart or cleft lip

65
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

disease characterized by sores that affect the. mucous membranes of the digestive system

66
Q

peristalsis

A

wave-like contractions of smooth muscles of esophagus

67
Q

polyp

A

mushroom-like growth from surface of mucous membrane

68
Q

proctologist

A

physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

69
Q

regurgitation

A

return of swallowed food into the mouth

70
Q
A
71
Q

salmonellosis

A

infectious disease transmitted by feces

72
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum and sigmoid colon

73
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

74
Q

trismus

A

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

75
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum/large intestine cause ulcers/irritation

76
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of intestine on itself, causing obstruction

77
Q

xerostomia

A

lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions

78
Q

papialle

A

small bumps that contain taste buds on tongue

79
Q

periodontium

A

structures that support/surround teeth

80
Q

gingiva

A

specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds neck of teeth

81
Q

dental arches

A

bony structure of oral cavity that hold teeth in place

82
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

formed at back of mouth where maxillary and mandibular arches come together

83
Q

dentition

A

natural teeth arranged in upper/lower jaws

84
Q

occlusion

A

any contact between chewing surfaces of the upper/lower teeth

85
Q

crown

A

visible portion of tooth

86
Q

rugae

A

folds in the. mucosa lining the stomach

87
Q

pylorus

A

narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

88
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
89
Q

cecum

A

pouch that lies on right side of abdomen

90
Q

anorectal

A

anus and rectum as single unit

91
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment formed in liver by breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile

92
Q

ciliary tree

A

provides channels through which bile is transported from liver to small intestine

93
Q

mastication

A

chewing

94
Q

flatulence

A

passage of gas out of body through the rectum

95
Q

gastroenterologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of stomach and intestines

96
Q

dentist

A

diagnoses/treats diseases and disorders of teeth

97
Q

orthodontist

A

prevents/correct malocculision of teeth and related structures

98
Q

periodontist

A

prevents/treats disorders of tissues surrounding teeth

99
Q

cold sores

A

blister-like sores on lips/facial tissue caused by oral herpes simplex virus type 1

100
Q

oral thrush

A

fungal infection of mouth caused by Candida albicans

101
Q

cleft lip

A

birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose

102
Q

cleft palate

A

failure of palate to close during early development of fetus

103
Q

bruxism

A

involuntary grinding of teeth

104
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay/cavity
- bacteria destroys enamel

105
Q

edentulous

A

without teeth

106
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

107
Q

dental calculus

A

tartar, dental plaque that has calcified on teeth

108
Q

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

A

abnormal growth of bacteria in mouth (trench mouth)

109
Q

eosinophilia esophagitis

A

eosinophils build up in esophagus

110
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

cells in epithelial tissue of esophagus damaged by chronic acid exposure

111
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn - return of acidic stomach contents into esophagus

112
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged/swollen veins at lower end of esophagus

113
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite for food

114
Q

malabsorption

A

small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it

115
Q

malnutrition

A

lack of proper food/nutrients in body

116
Q

colorectal carcinoma

A

colon cancer

117
Q

ischemic colitis

A

part of small intestine deprived of blood

118
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

unknown cause, cramping/abdominal pain

119
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

general name for diseases that cause inflammation/swelling in intestines

120
Q

strangulated hernia

A

portion of small intestine is constricted inside hernia

121
Q

clostridium difficile

A

bacterial infection typically following use of antibiotics

122
Q

dysentery

A

bacterial infection that occurs most frequently in tropical ccountires

123
Q

anal fissure

A

small crack-like sore in skin of anus

124
Q

fetal incontinence

A

inability to control excretion of feces

125
Q

hemorrhoids

A

cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through anal opening

126
Q

rectocele

A

bulging of front wall of rectum into vagina

127
Q

hematochezia

A

presence of bright red blood in stool

128
Q

steatorrhea

A

presence of excess fat in stool

129
Q

gallstone

A

cholelith - hard deposit from din gallbladder and bile ducts

130
Q

abdominal computed tomography

A

radiographic procedure that uses x-rays to produce detailed cross-section of tissue structure within the abdomen

131
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

block action of enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid

132
Q

enteral nutrition

A

feeding using the digestive system either through mouth or tube feedign

133
Q

parenteral nutrition

A

for patients who can’t get nutrition through digestive system

134
Q

gastric bypass surgery

A

makes stomach smaller by stapling

med term (9 decks)

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