ch. 8 digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
or/o, stoma/o
A
mouth
2
Q
odont/i
A
teeth
3
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
4
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
5
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
6
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
7
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
large intestine
8
Q
an/o, proct/o
A
rectum and nus
9
Q
chol/e
A
bile, gall
10
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
11
Q
-emesis
A
vomiting
12
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
13
Q
-lithiasis
A
presence of stones
14
Q
-pepsia
A
digest, digestion
15
Q
-phagia
A
eating, swallowing
16
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
17
Q
aerophagia
A
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, common cause of gas in the stomach
18
Q
anastomosis
A
surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
19
Q
antiemetic
A
medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
20
Q
ascites
A
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
21
Q
bariatrics
A
branch of medicine for the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases
22
Q
borborygmus
A
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
23
Q
cachexia
A
physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer and AIDS
24
Q
canker sores
A
gray-white pits with a red border int he soft tissues lining the mouth
25
celiac disease
autoimmune disorder characterized by a sever reaction to ingesting gluten
26
cheilitis
inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
27
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contract medium
28
cholangitis
acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain, fever, and jaundice
29
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
30
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking flow of bile
31
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
32
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
33
colonoscopy
direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum tot he cecum using a colonoscope
34
colostomy
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
35
Crohn's disease
chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract
36
dental prophylaxis
professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar
37
diverticulitis
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon
38
diverticulosis
chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticular (sacs) formed in weak spots of the colon wall
39
dyspepsia
pain or discomfort in digestion
40
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
41
endoscopy
visual examination of internal structures
42
enema
placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
43
enteritis
inflammation of small intestine
44
eructation
act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
45
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
46
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
47
gastroduodenostomy
establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
48
gastroesophageal reflex disease
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
49
gastroparesis
condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying
50
gastrostomy tube
surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly on the abdomen, directly into the stomach
51
hematemesis
vomiting of coagulated blood
52
Hemoccult test
laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool
53
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
54
hiatal hernia
anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest
55
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydartion
56
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
57
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall/groin
58
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
59
leukoplakia
abnormal white sore that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek from irritation in mouth
60
malocclusion
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
61
melena
passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools
62
nasogastric intubation
placement of nasogastric feeding tube through nose into stomach
63
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
64
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft apart or cleft lip
65
peptic ulcer disease
disease characterized by sores that affect the. mucous membranes of the digestive system
66
peristalsis
wave-like contractions of smooth muscles of esophagus
67
polyp
mushroom-like growth from surface of mucous membrane
68
proctologist
physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
69
regurgitation
return of swallowed food into the mouth
70
71
salmonellosis
infectious disease transmitted by feces
72
sigmoidoscopy
endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum and sigmoid colon
73
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
74
trismus
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
75
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum/large intestine cause ulcers/irritation
76
volvulus
twisting of intestine on itself, causing obstruction
77
xerostomia
lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions
78
papialle
small bumps that contain taste buds on tongue
79
periodontium
structures that support/surround teeth
80
gingiva
specialized mucous membrane that covers the bone of the dental arches and surrounds neck of teeth
81
dental arches
bony structure of oral cavity that hold teeth in place
82
temporomandibular joint
formed at back of mouth where maxillary and mandibular arches come together
83
dentition
natural teeth arranged in upper/lower jaws
84
occlusion
any contact between chewing surfaces of the upper/lower teeth
85
crown
visible portion of tooth
86
rugae
folds in the. mucosa lining the stomach
87
pylorus
narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine
88
3 parts of small intestine
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum
89
cecum
pouch that lies on right side of abdomen
90
anorectal
anus and rectum as single unit
91
bilirubin
pigment formed in liver by breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile
92
ciliary tree
provides channels through which bile is transported from liver to small intestine
93
mastication
chewing
94
flatulence
passage of gas out of body through the rectum
95
gastroenterologist
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of stomach and intestines
96
dentist
diagnoses/treats diseases and disorders of teeth
97
orthodontist
prevents/correct malocculision of teeth and related structures
98
periodontist
prevents/treats disorders of tissues surrounding teeth
99
cold sores
blister-like sores on lips/facial tissue caused by oral herpes simplex virus type 1
100
oral thrush
fungal infection of mouth caused by Candida albicans
101
cleft lip
birth defect in which there is a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose
102
cleft palate
failure of palate to close during early development of fetus
103
bruxism
involuntary grinding of teeth
104
dental caries
tooth decay/cavity
- bacteria destroys enamel
105
edentulous
without teeth
106
halitosis
bad breath
107
dental calculus
tartar, dental plaque that has calcified on teeth
108
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
abnormal growth of bacteria in mouth (trench mouth)
109
eosinophilia esophagitis
eosinophils build up in esophagus
110
Barrett's esophagus
cells in epithelial tissue of esophagus damaged by chronic acid exposure
111
pyrosis
heartburn - return of acidic stomach contents into esophagus
112
esophageal varices
enlarged/swollen veins at lower end of esophagus
113
anorexia
loss of appetite for food
114
malabsorption
small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it
115
malnutrition
lack of proper food/nutrients in body
116
colorectal carcinoma
colon cancer
117
ischemic colitis
part of small intestine deprived of blood
118
irritable bowel syndrome
unknown cause, cramping/abdominal pain
119
inflammatory bowel disease
general name for diseases that cause inflammation/swelling in intestines
120
strangulated hernia
portion of small intestine is constricted inside hernia
121
clostridium difficile
bacterial infection typically following use of antibiotics
122
dysentery
bacterial infection that occurs most frequently in tropical ccountires
123
anal fissure
small crack-like sore in skin of anus
124
fetal incontinence
inability to control excretion of feces
125
hemorrhoids
cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through anal opening
126
rectocele
bulging of front wall of rectum into vagina
127
hematochezia
presence of bright red blood in stool
128
steatorrhea
presence of excess fat in stool
129
gallstone
cholelith - hard deposit from din gallbladder and bile ducts
130
abdominal computed tomography
radiographic procedure that uses x-rays to produce detailed cross-section of tissue structure within the abdomen
131
proton pump inhibitors
block action of enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid
132
enteral nutrition
feeding using the digestive system either through mouth or tube feedign
133
parenteral nutrition
for patients who can't get nutrition through digestive system
134
gastric bypass surgery
makes stomach smaller by stapling
