ch. 6 lymphatic Flashcards
1
Q
anti-
A
against
2
Q
carcin/o
A
cancerous
3
Q
immun/o
A
immune, protection, safe
4
Q
lymph/o
A
lymph, lymphatic tissue
5
Q
lymphaden/o
A
lymph node or gland
6
Q
lymphangi/o
A
lymph vessel
7
Q
neo-, ne/o
A
new, strange
8
Q
-oma
A
tumor, neoplasm
9
Q
onc/o
A
tumor
10
Q
phag/o
A
eat, swallow
11
Q
-plasm
A
formative material of cells
12
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh, connective tissue
13
Q
splen/o
A
spleen
14
Q
-tic
A
pertaining to
15
Q
tox/o
A
poison, poisonous
16
Q
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
A
most advanced and fatal stage of HIV infection
17
Q
allergen
A
substance that produces allergic reaction in an individual
18
Q
anaphylaxis
A
severe, systemic response to an allergen
19
Q
antibiotics
A
medication capable of inhibiting growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria
20
Q
antibody
A
disease-fighting protein created by immune system in response to presence of specific antigen
21
Q
antifungal
A
agent that destroys or inhibits growth of fungi
22
Q
antigen
A
any substance that the body regards as being foreign
23
Q
antigen-antibody reaction
A
binding antigens to antibodies - labels dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of immune system
24
Q
autoimmune disorder
A
any large group of diseases characterized by condition in which immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues
25
bacilli
rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria
26
benign
something that isn't life-threatening
27
candidiasis
yeast infection
28
carcinoma
malignant tumor in epithelial tissue
29
carcinoma in situ
malignant tumor in original position that hasn't yet disturbed or invaded surrounding tissues
30
complement system
group of proteins circulating blood in inactive form, help dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria
31
COVID-19
highly contagious viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus
32
cytokines
group of proteins (interferons/interleukins) released primarily by T cells
- intracellular signals
33
cytomegalovirus
type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids
34
cytotoxic drug
medication that kills or damages cells
35
ductal carcinoma in situ
breast cancer at its earliest stage before abnormal cells have broken through wall of milk duct
36
hemolytic
destroying worn-out erythrocytes and releasing hemoglobin for reuse
37
herpes zoster
acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow underlying route of inflamed nerve
38
Hodgkin's lymphoma
cancer of immune system distinguished by. presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
39
human immunodeficiency virus
bloodborne infection in which virus damages/kills T cells of immune system causing it to fail
40
immunoglobulins
antibodies that bind with specific antigens in antigen-antibody response
41
immunosuppressant
substance that prevents or reduces body's normal immune response
42
immunotherapy
disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing immune system
43
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
breast cancer that starts in milk duct and invades fatty breast tissue outside duct
44
interferons
produced in response to presence of antigens, activate immune system, fight viruses, signal other cells to increase their defenses
45
lymphadenopathy
any disease process affecting a lymph node/nodes
46
lymphangioma
benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to congenital malformation of lymphatic system
47
lymphedema
swelling of tissues due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within tissues
48
lymphocytes
lymphoid cells, leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells
49
lymphoma
general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues
50
lymphoscintigraphy
diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of lyphatic vessels
51
macrophage
type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells
52
malaria
disease caused by parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by bite of infected mosquito
53
malignant
becoming progressively worse and life-threatening
54
mammography
x-ray examination of breasts to detect presence of tumors or precancerous cells
55
metastasis
describes process by which cancer is spread to a new site, also describes tumor itself
56
metastasize
to spread from one place to another
57
myoma
benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
58
myosarcoma
malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
59
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
describes all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma
60
opportunistic infection
infection caused by pathogen that doesn't normally produce an illness in healthy humans
61
osteosarcoma
hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee
62
parasite
plant/animal that lives on/within another living organism at expense of that organism
63
rabies
acute viral infection transmitted to humans by bite or saliva of infected animal
64
rickettsia
small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites
65
rubella
viral infection characterized by low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and fine, pink rash
66
sarcoma
malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues (hard, mostly soft tissues)
67
spirochetes
long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria with flexible walls, capable of movement
68
splenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the spleen
69
staphylococci
group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups/clusters resembling grapes
70
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain
71
systemic reaction
anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock
- severe response to allergen
72
teletherapy
precisely targeted radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
73
toxoplasmosis
disease caused by parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces
74
varicella
highly contagious infection caused by herpesvirus Varicella zoster (chickenpox)
75
lacteals
specialized structures of lymphatic system that absorb fats not transported by bloodstream
76
lymph
clear, watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins that make up 10% of returning interstitial fluid
77
lymph node
contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens
78
3 major groups of lymph nodes
1. cervical
2. axillary
3. inguinal
79
natural killer cells
play role in killing cancer cells and cell infected by viruses
80
tonsils
3 masses of lymphoid tissue that form protective ring around back of nose and upper throat
81
3 kinds of tonsils
1. adenoids (nasopharyngeal) - nasopharynx
2. palatine - throat
3. lingual - base of tongue
82
thymus
mass of lymphoid tissue located above heart
83
vermiform appendix
hangs from lower portion of cecum
84
spleen
mass of lymphoid tissue in left upper quadrant
- hemolytic function - destroys worn-out erythrocytes
85
tolerance
acquired unresponsiveness to specific antigen
86
monocytes
leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms
87
allergist
specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity
88
infectious disease specialist
physician who specializes in diagnosing/treating diseases caused by microorganisms
89
immunologist
diagnoses/treats disorders of immune system
90
lymphologist
diagnoses/treats disorders of lymphatic system
91
oncologist
diagnoses/treats malignant disorders (tumors/cancer)
92
allergic reaction
body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader
93
allergy (hypersensitivity)
overreaction by body to particular antigen
94
localized allergic (cellular) response
redness, itching, and burning where skin has come into contact with an allergen
95
systemic reaction (anaphylaxis)
sever response to allergen
96
antihistamines
medications administered to relieve/prevent symptoms of allergies
97
severe combined immunodeficiency
inherited condition in which abnormalities in the immune system cause an increased susceptibility to infection/failure to thrive as result of infections
98
Kaposi's sarcoma
ex. of opportunistic infection associated w/ HIV
99
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
blood test used to screen for presence of HIV antibodies
100
immunotherapy
disease treatment that involves stimulating or repressing immune response
101
corticosteroid drug
synthetic hormone that closely resembles cortisol secreted by adrenal glands
102
anthrax
contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with bacillus anthracis
103
shigellosis
infection caused by bacteria shigella
104
Lyme disease
transmitted to humans by bite of tick that has had contact with deer infected with spirochete borrelia burgdorferi
105
staphylococcus aureus
infects wounds and causes toxic shock syndrome or food poisoning
106
yeast
type of fungus
107
fungus
simple parasitic organism
108
giardiasis
diarrheal disease caused by parasite giardia
109
ebola
rare/fatal disease transmitted by contact with any bodily fluids infected with ebola virus
110
influenza
highly contagious viral respiratory infection
111
measles
acute, highly contagious infection transmitted by respiratory droplets of rubeola virus
112
mumps
acute viral infection - swelling of parotid glands
113
West Nile virus
spread to humans by bite of infected mosquito, flu-like symptoms
114
Zika virus
spread by mosquito bite, woman to fetus, or sexual intercourse
115
another name for tumor
neoplasm
116
angiogenesis
process through which a tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply
117
antiangiogenesis
form of treatment that disrupts blood supply to tumor
118
staging
process of classifying tumors by how far disease has progressed
119
inflammatory breast cancer
rare by aggressive form of breast cancer in which cancer cells block lymphatic vessels in skin of breast
120
molecular breast imaging
nuclear medicine technique using gamma radiation to detect potential tumors in particularly dense breast tissue
121
core needle biopsy
hollow needle removes small samples of tissue from breast for diagnosis and planning of treatment
122
lumpectomy (partial mastectomy)
surgical removal of only cancerous tissue within surrounding margin of normal tissue
123
mastectomy
surgical removal of entire breast and nipple
124
modified radical mastectomy
surgical removal of entire breast and all of axillary lymph nodes under adjacent arm
125
chemotherapy
use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues
126
chemoprevention
use of natural/synthetic substances to reduce risk of developing cancer
127
antineoplastic
medication that blocks development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells
128
brachytherapy
use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into tissues to be treated
129
tomotherapy
precisely targets tumor being treated
