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med term > ch. 6 lymphatic > Flashcards

ch. 6 lymphatic Flashcards

1
Q

anti-

A

against

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2
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

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3
Q

immun/o

A

immune, protection, safe

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4
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node or gland

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6
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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7
Q

neo-, ne/o

A

new, strange

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8
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

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9
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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10
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

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11
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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12
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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13
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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14
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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15
Q

tox/o

A

poison, poisonous

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16
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

most advanced and fatal stage of HIV infection

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17
Q

allergen

A

substance that produces allergic reaction in an individual

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18
Q

anaphylaxis

A

severe, systemic response to an allergen

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19
Q

antibiotics

A

medication capable of inhibiting growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria

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20
Q

antibody

A

disease-fighting protein created by immune system in response to presence of specific antigen

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21
Q

antifungal

A

agent that destroys or inhibits growth of fungi

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22
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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23
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

binding antigens to antibodies - labels dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of immune system

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24
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

any large group of diseases characterized by condition in which immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues

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25
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria

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26
Q

benign

A

something that isn’t life-threatening

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27
Q

candidiasis

A

yeast infection

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28
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumor in epithelial tissue

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29
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

malignant tumor in original position that hasn’t yet disturbed or invaded surrounding tissues

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30
Q

complement system

A

group of proteins circulating blood in inactive form, help dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria

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31
Q

COVID-19

A

highly contagious viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus

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32
Q

cytokines

A

group of proteins (interferons/interleukins) released primarily by T cells
- intracellular signals

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33
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids

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34
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

medication that kills or damages cells

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35
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

breast cancer at its earliest stage before abnormal cells have broken through wall of milk duct

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36
Q

hemolytic

A

destroying worn-out erythrocytes and releasing hemoglobin for reuse

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37
Q

herpes zoster

A

acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow underlying route of inflamed nerve

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38
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

cancer of immune system distinguished by. presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells

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39
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

bloodborne infection in which virus damages/kills T cells of immune system causing it to fail

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40
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies that bind with specific antigens in antigen-antibody response

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41
Q

immunosuppressant

A

substance that prevents or reduces body’s normal immune response

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42
Q

immunotherapy

A

disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing immune system

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43
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

breast cancer that starts in milk duct and invades fatty breast tissue outside duct

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44
Q

interferons

A

produced in response to presence of antigens, activate immune system, fight viruses, signal other cells to increase their defenses

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45
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

any disease process affecting a lymph node/nodes

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46
Q

lymphangioma

A

benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to congenital malformation of lymphatic system

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47
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling of tissues due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within tissues

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48
Q

lymphocytes

A

lymphoid cells, leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells

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49
Q

lymphoma

A

general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

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50
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of lyphatic vessels

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51
Q

macrophage

A

type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells

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52
Q

malaria

A

disease caused by parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by bite of infected mosquito

53
Q

malignant

A

becoming progressively worse and life-threatening

54
Q

mammography

A

x-ray examination of breasts to detect presence of tumors or precancerous cells

55
Q

metastasis

A

describes process by which cancer is spread to a new site, also describes tumor itself

56
Q

metastasize

A

to spread from one place to another

57
Q

myoma

A

benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

58
Q

myosarcoma

A

malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

59
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

describes all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

60
Q

opportunistic infection

A

infection caused by pathogen that doesn’t normally produce an illness in healthy humans

61
Q

osteosarcoma

A

hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

62
Q

parasite

A

plant/animal that lives on/within another living organism at expense of that organism

63
Q

rabies

A

acute viral infection transmitted to humans by bite or saliva of infected animal

64
Q

rickettsia

A

small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

65
Q

rubella

A

viral infection characterized by low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and fine, pink rash

66
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues (hard, mostly soft tissues)

67
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria with flexible walls, capable of movement

68
Q

splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

69
Q

staphylococci

A

group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups/clusters resembling grapes

70
Q

streptococci

A

bacteria that form a chain

71
Q

systemic reaction

A

anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock
- severe response to allergen

72
Q

teletherapy

A

precisely targeted radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

73
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

disease caused by parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces

74
Q

varicella

A

highly contagious infection caused by herpesvirus Varicella zoster (chickenpox)

75
Q

lacteals

A

specialized structures of lymphatic system that absorb fats not transported by bloodstream

76
Q

lymph

A

clear, watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins that make up 10% of returning interstitial fluid

77
Q

lymph node

A

contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens

78
Q

3 major groups of lymph nodes

A
  1. cervical
  2. axillary
  3. inguinal
79
Q

natural killer cells

A

play role in killing cancer cells and cell infected by viruses

80
Q

tonsils

A

3 masses of lymphoid tissue that form protective ring around back of nose and upper throat

81
Q

3 kinds of tonsils

A
  1. adenoids (nasopharyngeal) - nasopharynx
  2. palatine - throat
  3. lingual - base of tongue
82
Q

thymus

A

mass of lymphoid tissue located above heart

83
Q

vermiform appendix

A

hangs from lower portion of cecum

84
Q

spleen

A

mass of lymphoid tissue in left upper quadrant
- hemolytic function - destroys worn-out erythrocytes

85
Q

tolerance

A

acquired unresponsiveness to specific antigen

86
Q

monocytes

A

leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms

87
Q

allergist

A

specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity

88
Q

infectious disease specialist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing/treating diseases caused by microorganisms

89
Q

immunologist

A

diagnoses/treats disorders of immune system

90
Q

lymphologist

A

diagnoses/treats disorders of lymphatic system

91
Q

oncologist

A

diagnoses/treats malignant disorders (tumors/cancer)

92
Q

allergic reaction

A

body’s immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader

93
Q

allergy (hypersensitivity)

A

overreaction by body to particular antigen

94
Q

localized allergic (cellular) response

A

redness, itching, and burning where skin has come into contact with an allergen

95
Q

systemic reaction (anaphylaxis)

A

sever response to allergen

96
Q

antihistamines

A

medications administered to relieve/prevent symptoms of allergies

97
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency

A

inherited condition in which abnormalities in the immune system cause an increased susceptibility to infection/failure to thrive as result of infections

98
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

ex. of opportunistic infection associated w/ HIV

99
Q

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

A

blood test used to screen for presence of HIV antibodies

100
Q

immunotherapy

A

disease treatment that involves stimulating or repressing immune response

101
Q

corticosteroid drug

A

synthetic hormone that closely resembles cortisol secreted by adrenal glands

102
Q

anthrax

A

contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with bacillus anthracis

103
Q

shigellosis

A

infection caused by bacteria shigella

104
Q

Lyme disease

A

transmitted to humans by bite of tick that has had contact with deer infected with spirochete borrelia burgdorferi

105
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

infects wounds and causes toxic shock syndrome or food poisoning

106
Q

yeast

A

type of fungus

107
Q

fungus

A

simple parasitic organism

108
Q

giardiasis

A

diarrheal disease caused by parasite giardia

109
Q

ebola

A

rare/fatal disease transmitted by contact with any bodily fluids infected with ebola virus

110
Q

influenza

A

highly contagious viral respiratory infection

111
Q

measles

A

acute, highly contagious infection transmitted by respiratory droplets of rubeola virus

112
Q

mumps

A

acute viral infection - swelling of parotid glands

113
Q

West Nile virus

A

spread to humans by bite of infected mosquito, flu-like symptoms

114
Q

Zika virus

A

spread by mosquito bite, woman to fetus, or sexual intercourse

115
Q

another name for tumor

A

neoplasm

116
Q

angiogenesis

A

process through which a tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply

117
Q

antiangiogenesis

A

form of treatment that disrupts blood supply to tumor

118
Q

staging

A

process of classifying tumors by how far disease has progressed

119
Q

inflammatory breast cancer

A

rare by aggressive form of breast cancer in which cancer cells block lymphatic vessels in skin of breast

120
Q

molecular breast imaging

A

nuclear medicine technique using gamma radiation to detect potential tumors in particularly dense breast tissue

121
Q

core needle biopsy

A

hollow needle removes small samples of tissue from breast for diagnosis and planning of treatment

122
Q

lumpectomy (partial mastectomy)

A

surgical removal of only cancerous tissue within surrounding margin of normal tissue

123
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of entire breast and nipple

124
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

surgical removal of entire breast and all of axillary lymph nodes under adjacent arm

125
Q

chemotherapy

A

use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations selected to destroy malignant cells and tissues

126
Q

chemoprevention

A

use of natural/synthetic substances to reduce risk of developing cancer

127
Q

antineoplastic

A

medication that blocks development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells

128
Q

brachytherapy

A

use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into tissues to be treated

129
Q

tomotherapy

A

precisely targets tumor being treated

med term (9 decks)

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