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med term > ch. 7 respiratory > Flashcards

ch. 7 respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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2
Q

sinus/o

A

sinuses

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3
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx, throat

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4
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, throat

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5
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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6
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

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7
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchial tube, bronchus

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8
Q

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

A

oxygen

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9
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

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10
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura, side of body

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11
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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12
Q

pneum/o, penumon/o, pneu-

A

lung, air

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13
Q

pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lung

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14
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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15
Q

spir/o

A

to breathe

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16
Q

thorac/o, -thorax

A

chest, pleural cavity

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17
Q

anoxia

A

absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood

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18
Q

antitussive

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing

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19
Q

aphonia

A

loss of ability of larynx to produce normal speech sounds

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20
Q

asbestosis

A

form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

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21
Q

asphyxia

A

loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

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22
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disease of bronchial tubes

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23
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung

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24
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually less than 10 breaths per minute

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25
Q

bronchiectasis

A

permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation

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26
Q

bronchodilator

A

inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

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27
Q

bronchorrhea

A

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

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28
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

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29
Q

bronchospasm

A

contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

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30
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea

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31
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out

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32
Q

croup

A

an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor

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33
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

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34
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

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35
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

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36
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

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37
Q

emphysema

A

the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking

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38
Q

empyema

A

collection of pus in any body cavity

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39
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

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40
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose

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41
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum

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42
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

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43
Q

hypercapnia

A

abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

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44
Q

hyperpnea

A

breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

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45
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow or slow respiration

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46
Q

hypoxemia

A

condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood

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47
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia

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48
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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49
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

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50
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden spasmodic closure of the laryns

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51
Q

mediastinum

A

middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs

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52
Q

mediastinum

A

middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs

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53
Q

nebulizer

A

electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece

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54
Q

otolaryngologist

A

ENT (ears, nose, throat) - physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

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55
Q

pertussis

A

contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough

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56
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

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57
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding

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58
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

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59
Q

pleurodynia

A

sharp chest pain that occurs when inflamed pleural membranes rub against each other with inhalation

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60
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung issues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

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61
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of a lung

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62
Q

pneumonia

A

a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

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63
Q

pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

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64
Q

polysomnography

A

diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associate with sleep apnea

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65
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli

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66
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

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67
Q

pulse oximeter

A

external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip/earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

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68
Q

pyothorax

A

presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

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69
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses

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70
Q

sleep apnea

A

potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels

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71
Q

spirometer

A

recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath

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72
Q

tachypnea

A

abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

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73
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

74
Q

thoracotomy

A

surgical incision into the chest wall to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

75
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

76
Q

treacheotomy

A

emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

77
Q

tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease caused by an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium, tuberculosis
- attacks lungs

78
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs, grape like clusters at the end of each bronchiole where gas exchange occurs

79
Q

nasal septum

A

wall of cartilage that divides the nose into 2 equal sections

80
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs located just inside the nostrils

81
Q

mucus

A

slippery secretion produced by mucous membranes that protects and lubricates tissues

82
Q

olfactory receptors

A

nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell

83
Q

tonsils/adenoids

A

lymphatic system - protect body from infection coming in through nose or mouth

84
Q

types of tonsils

A
  • palatine
  • nasopharyngeal
85
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane located in bones of the skull

86
Q

frontal sinuses

A

frontal bone above eyebrows

87
Q

sphenoid sinuses

A

located in sphenoid bone

88
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

largest, maxillary bones under eyes

89
Q

ethmoid sinuses

A

ethmoid bones between nose and eyes

90
Q

nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity and continues down behind mouth

91
Q

oropharynx

A

portion of pharynx visible when looking into the mouth

92
Q

layrngopharynx

A

shared by both respiratory and digestive systems

93
Q

larynx

A

voice box, triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

94
Q

epiglottis

A

lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue

95
Q

trachea role

A

transports air to and from lungs

96
Q

bronchi

A

two large tubes which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs

97
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi

98
Q

lungs

A

organs or respiration

99
Q

how many lobes in right lung

A

3

100
Q

how many lobes in left lung

A

2

101
Q

mediastinum

A

middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs

102
Q

pleura

A

thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

103
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura
- thoracic cavity, sac containing each lung

104
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer of pleura on each lung

105
Q

pleural cavity

A

thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral membranes

106
Q

phrenic nerves

A

stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract

107
Q

internal respiration

A

cellular respiration - exchange of gases within cells of blood/tissues

108
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe

109
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to inhaled irritant

110
Q

emphysema

A

progressive, long-term loss of lung function

111
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction

112
Q

airway inflammation

A

swelling and clogging of bronchial tubes with mucus

113
Q

bronchospasm

A

contraction of smooth muscle in walls of bronchi/bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

114
Q

upper respiratory infection/acute nasopharyngitis

A

common cold
- human rhinovirus most common

115
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

allergy - allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause increased flow of mucus

116
Q

croup

A

actue respiratory infection in children/infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around vocal cords resulting in barking cough/stridor

117
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

118
Q

influenza

A

acute, highly contagious viral infection with respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain

119
Q

respiratory syncytial virus

A

common, highly contagious viral infection spread by respiratory droplets

120
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles

121
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

122
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke/fumes, inhaled vomit, or sepsis

123
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung
- incomplete expansion of part of all of the lung due to blockage of air passages or pneumothorax

124
Q

granuloma

A

localized area of inflammation, usually in lungs

125
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or embolus in leg/pelvic region

126
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

localized form of pneumonia that often affect bronchioles

127
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

affects larger areas of the lungs

128
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

foreign substance inhaled into lungs

129
Q

community-acquired pneumonia

A

results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

130
Q

bacterial pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

131
Q

pneumococcal pneumonia

A

only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination

132
Q

hospital-acquired pneumonia (nosocomial)

A

contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient’s defenses are impaired

133
Q

mycoplasma (walking) pneumonia

A

milder but longer-lasting form of disease caused by bacteria mycoplasma pneumonia

134
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

opportunistic infection caused by yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii

135
Q

viral pneumonia

A

caused by several different types of viruses (1/3 of all pneumonias)

136
Q

interstitial lung disease

A

200 disorders that cause inflammation/scarring of alveoli and supporting structures

137
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

progressive formation of scar tissue, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increase difficulty breathing

138
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by mineral dust in the lungs

139
Q

asbestosis

A

caused by asbestos particles in lungs

140
Q

silicosis

A

inhaling silica dust in lungs

141
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

lungs/pancreas clogged w/ large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
- genetic

142
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

143
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

144
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

alternating series of abnormal patterns

145
Q

dyspnea

A

shortens of breath, difficult or labored breathing

146
Q

hyperpnea

A

breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

147
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow or slow respiration

148
Q

hyperventilation

A

abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration usually associated with anxiety

149
Q

expectoration

A

act of coughing up/spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid

150
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood/blood-stained sputum from lungs/bronchial tubes

151
Q

asphyxia

A

loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

152
Q

asphyxiation

A

state of asphyxia or suffocation

153
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of skin/mucous membranes caused by lack of adequate oxygen in blood

154
Q

hypercapnia

A

CO2 retention, abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

155
Q

hypoxemia

A

conditions f having low oxygen levels in the blood

156
Q

respiratory failure

A

level of oxygen in blood becomes dangerously low or CO2 level becomes dangerously high

157
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant

158
Q

respiratory rate

A

number of breaths per minute

159
Q

chest x-ray

A

helps for diagnosing pneumonia, lung cancer, pneumothorax, etc.

160
Q

peak flow meter

A

used by asthma patients to measure air flow out of lungs

161
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

group of tests that measure volume and flow or air by using spirmoeter

162
Q

sputum cytology

A

procedure in which a sample of mucus is coughed up from the lungs and examined under microscope to detect cancer cells

163
Q

sputum culture/sensitivity

A

sample of mucus coughed up form lungs is monitored for bacterial growth and tests

164
Q

sputum

A

phlegm ejected through mouth

165
Q

phlegm

A

thick mucus secreted by tissues lining respiratory passages

166
Q

tuberculin skin testing (Mantoux PPD skin test)

A

screening for TB, small amount of tuberculin purified protein derivative injected under top layer of skin

167
Q

decongestant

A

relieves nasal congestion

168
Q

expectorant

A

oral medication that makes it easier to cough up mucus by making it thinner/less vicious

169
Q

metered-dose inhaler

A

administers specific amount of medication in aerosol form

170
Q

nebulizer

A

electronic device that pumps air/oxygen through liquid medicine to turn into a mist, which is then inhaled

171
Q

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

A

endoscope used to enlarge opening between nose and sinus

172
Q

laryngotomy

A

surgical incision into the larynx

173
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of nasal septum

174
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of a lobe of an organ

175
Q

Wedge resection

A

small wedge-shaped piece of cancerous tissue removed along with margin of healthy tissue around cancer

176
Q

video-assisted thoracic surgery

A

use of thoracoscope to view inside of pleural cavity through very small incisions

177
Q

CPAP machine (continuous positive airway pressure)

A

noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea

178
Q

BiPAP machine (bilevel positive airway pressure_

A

like CPAP machine but can be set at higher pressure for inhaling and lower pressure for exhaling
- sleep apnea

179
Q

Ambu bag or BVM (bag valve mask)

A

energy resuscitator used to assist ventilation

180
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device for artificial respiration used to replace/supplement natural breathing function

181
Q

supplemental oxygen methods

A
  • nasal cannula
  • rebreather. mask
  • non-rebreather mask
182
Q

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A

breathing pure oxygen in special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to 3 times higher than normal

med term (9 decks)

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