ch. 7 respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
nas/o
A
nose
2
Q
sinus/o
A
sinuses
3
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx, throat
4
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx, throat
5
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
6
Q
trache/o
A
trachea, windpipe
7
Q
bronch/o, bronchi/o
A
bronchial tube, bronchus
8
Q
ox/i, ox/o, ox/y
A
oxygen
9
Q
phon/o
A
sound, voice
10
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura, side of body
11
Q
-pnea
A
breathing
12
Q
pneum/o, penumon/o, pneu-
A
lung, air
13
Q
pulm/o, pulmon/o
A
lung
14
Q
somn/o
A
sleep
15
Q
spir/o
A
to breathe
16
Q
thorac/o, -thorax
A
chest, pleural cavity
17
Q
anoxia
A
absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood
18
Q
antitussive
A
medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing
19
Q
aphonia
A
loss of ability of larynx to produce normal speech sounds
20
Q
asbestosis
A
form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs
21
Q
asphyxia
A
loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
22
Q
asthma
A
chronic inflammatory disease of bronchial tubes
23
Q
atelectasis
A
incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung
24
Q
bradypnea
A
abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually less than 10 breaths per minute
25
bronchiectasis
permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation
26
bronchodilator
inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs
27
bronchorrhea
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
28
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
29
bronchospasm
contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut
30
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea
31
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out
32
croup
an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor
33
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
34
cystic fibrosis
life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
35
dysphonia
difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or cracking of a boy's voice during puberty
36
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
37
emphysema
the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking
38
empyema
collection of pus in any body cavity
39
endotracheal intubation
passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway
40
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
41
hemoptysis
expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum
42
hemothorax
collection of blood in the pleural cavity
43
hypercapnia
abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
44
hyperpnea
breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest
45
hypopnea
shallow or slow respiration
46
hypoxemia
condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood
47
hypoxia
condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia
48
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
49
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth
50
laryngospasm
sudden spasmodic closure of the laryns
51
mediastinum
middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs
52
mediastinum
middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs
53
nebulizer
electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece
54
otolaryngologist
ENT (ears, nose, throat) - physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck
55
pertussis
contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough
56
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
57
pleural effusion
excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding
58
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
59
pleurodynia
sharp chest pain that occurs when inflamed pleural membranes rub against each other with inhalation
60
pneumoconiosis
any fibrosis of the lung issues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
61
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of all or part of a lung
62
pneumonia
a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids
63
pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse
64
polysomnography
diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associate with sleep apnea
65
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli
66
pulmonologist
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system
67
pulse oximeter
external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip/earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood
68
pyothorax
presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane
69
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
70
sleep apnea
potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
71
spirometer
recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath
72
tachypnea
abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute
73
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
74
thoracotomy
surgical incision into the chest wall to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment
75
tracheostomy
surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing
76
treacheotomy
emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
77
tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium, tuberculosis
- attacks lungs
78
alveoli
air sacs, grape like clusters at the end of each bronchiole where gas exchange occurs
79
nasal septum
wall of cartilage that divides the nose into 2 equal sections
80
cilia
thin hairs located just inside the nostrils
81
mucus
slippery secretion produced by mucous membranes that protects and lubricates tissues
82
olfactory receptors
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell
83
tonsils/adenoids
lymphatic system - protect body from infection coming in through nose or mouth
84
types of tonsils
- palatine
- nasopharyngeal
85
paranasal sinuses
air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane located in bones of the skull
86
frontal sinuses
frontal bone above eyebrows
87
sphenoid sinuses
located in sphenoid bone
88
maxillary sinuses
largest, maxillary bones under eyes
89
ethmoid sinuses
ethmoid bones between nose and eyes
90
nasopharynx
posterior to nasal cavity and continues down behind mouth
91
oropharynx
portion of pharynx visible when looking into the mouth
92
layrngopharynx
shared by both respiratory and digestive systems
93
larynx
voice box, triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea
94
epiglottis
lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue
95
trachea role
transports air to and from lungs
96
bronchi
two large tubes which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs
97
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
98
lungs
organs or respiration
99
how many lobes in right lung
3
100
how many lobes in left lung
2
101
mediastinum
middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs
102
pleura
thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
103
parietal pleura
outer layer of pleura
- thoracic cavity, sac containing each lung
104
visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura on each lung
105
pleural cavity
thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral membranes
106
phrenic nerves
stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract
107
internal respiration
cellular respiration - exchange of gases within cells of blood/tissues
108
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe
109
chronic bronchitis
airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to inhaled irritant
110
emphysema
progressive, long-term loss of lung function
111
asthma
chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction
112
airway inflammation
swelling and clogging of bronchial tubes with mucus
113
bronchospasm
contraction of smooth muscle in walls of bronchi/bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut
114
upper respiratory infection/acute nasopharyngitis
common cold
- human rhinovirus most common
115
allergic rhinitis
allergy - allergic reaction to airborne allergens that cause increased flow of mucus
116
croup
actue respiratory infection in children/infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around vocal cords resulting in barking cough/stridor
117
epistaxis
nosebleed
118
influenza
acute, highly contagious viral infection with respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain
119
respiratory syncytial virus
common, highly contagious viral infection spread by respiratory droplets
120
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles
121
rhinorrhea
runny nose
122
acute respiratory distress syndrome
lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke/fumes, inhaled vomit, or sepsis
123
atelectasis
collapsed lung
- incomplete expansion of part of all of the lung due to blockage of air passages or pneumothorax
124
granuloma
localized area of inflammation, usually in lungs
125
pulmonary embolism
sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or embolus in leg/pelvic region
126
bronchopneumonia
localized form of pneumonia that often affect bronchioles
127
lobar pneumonia
affects larger areas of the lungs
128
aspiration pneumonia
foreign substance inhaled into lungs
129
community-acquired pneumonia
results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic
130
bacterial pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
131
pneumococcal pneumonia
only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination
132
hospital-acquired pneumonia (nosocomial)
contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient's defenses are impaired
133
mycoplasma (walking) pneumonia
milder but longer-lasting form of disease caused by bacteria mycoplasma pneumonia
134
pneumocystis pneumonia
opportunistic infection caused by yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii
135
viral pneumonia
caused by several different types of viruses (1/3 of all pneumonias)
136
interstitial lung disease
200 disorders that cause inflammation/scarring of alveoli and supporting structures
137
pulmonary fibrosis
progressive formation of scar tissue, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increase difficulty breathing
138
pneumoconiosis
any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by mineral dust in the lungs
139
asbestosis
caused by asbestos particles in lungs
140
silicosis
inhaling silica dust in lungs
141
cystic fibrosis
lungs/pancreas clogged w/ large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
- genetic
142
eupnea
normal breathing
143
apnea
absence of breathing
144
Cheyne-stokes
alternating series of abnormal patterns
145
dyspnea
shortens of breath, difficult or labored breathing
146
hyperpnea
breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest
147
hypopnea
shallow or slow respiration
148
hyperventilation
abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration usually associated with anxiety
149
expectoration
act of coughing up/spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid
150
hemoptysis
expectoration of blood/blood-stained sputum from lungs/bronchial tubes
151
asphyxia
loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
152
asphyxiation
state of asphyxia or suffocation
153
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin/mucous membranes caused by lack of adequate oxygen in blood
154
hypercapnia
CO2 retention, abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
155
hypoxemia
conditions f having low oxygen levels in the blood
156
respiratory failure
level of oxygen in blood becomes dangerously low or CO2 level becomes dangerously high
157
sudden infant death syndrome
sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant
158
respiratory rate
number of breaths per minute
159
chest x-ray
helps for diagnosing pneumonia, lung cancer, pneumothorax, etc.
160
peak flow meter
used by asthma patients to measure air flow out of lungs
161
pulmonary function tests
group of tests that measure volume and flow or air by using spirmoeter
162
sputum cytology
procedure in which a sample of mucus is coughed up from the lungs and examined under microscope to detect cancer cells
163
sputum culture/sensitivity
sample of mucus coughed up form lungs is monitored for bacterial growth and tests
164
sputum
phlegm ejected through mouth
165
phlegm
thick mucus secreted by tissues lining respiratory passages
166
tuberculin skin testing (Mantoux PPD skin test)
screening for TB, small amount of tuberculin purified protein derivative injected under top layer of skin
167
decongestant
relieves nasal congestion
168
expectorant
oral medication that makes it easier to cough up mucus by making it thinner/less vicious
169
metered-dose inhaler
administers specific amount of medication in aerosol form
170
nebulizer
electronic device that pumps air/oxygen through liquid medicine to turn into a mist, which is then inhaled
171
functional endoscopic sinus surgery
endoscope used to enlarge opening between nose and sinus
172
laryngotomy
surgical incision into the larynx
173
septoplasty
surgical repair of nasal septum
174
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of an organ
175
Wedge resection
small wedge-shaped piece of cancerous tissue removed along with margin of healthy tissue around cancer
176
video-assisted thoracic surgery
use of thoracoscope to view inside of pleural cavity through very small incisions
177
CPAP machine (continuous positive airway pressure)
noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea
178
BiPAP machine (bilevel positive airway pressure_
like CPAP machine but can be set at higher pressure for inhaling and lower pressure for exhaling
- sleep apnea
179
Ambu bag or BVM (bag valve mask)
energy resuscitator used to assist ventilation
180
ventilator
mechanical device for artificial respiration used to replace/supplement natural breathing function
181
supplemental oxygen methods
- nasal cannula
- rebreather. mask
- non-rebreather mask
182
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
breathing pure oxygen in special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to 3 times higher than normal
