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Pychology Ch 1 Mcat > Ch 8 > Flashcards

Ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Social facilitation

A

The tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around

Do better

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2
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of self-awareness in large groups which can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Can lead to antinormative behavior or behavior against the norm

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3
Q

Bystander effect

A

Observation that one in a group of individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need

People less likely notice danger because of social etiquette (rude to watch others)

Take cues from others

Degree of responsibility felt by the bystander (related or victim deserve life)

Slower In groups of strangers in terms of response and speed

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4
Q

Peer pressure

A

Social influence on an individual by others they consider equals

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5
Q

Group polarization

A

Tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of the individual group members

Even by reading thoughts and ideas his can occur

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6
Q

Groupthink

A

Tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas. Ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform to remain loyal to the group

In attempt to minimize conflict among group members or have a desire to agree with the group in order to conform

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7
Q

Culture

A

Beliefs ideas behaviors actions and characteristics of a group or society of people

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8
Q

Assimilation

A

Process by which a group or individuals culture begins to melt into another culture

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9
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

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10
Q

Subcultures

A

Group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

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11
Q

socialization

A

Process of developing and spreading norms customs and believes

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12
Q

Norms

A

What determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society

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13
Q

Agents of socialization

A

Family pure school religious affiliation and other groups to promote socialization

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14
Q

Stigma

A

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

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15
Q

Deviance

A

Violation of norms rules or expectations within a society

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16
Q

Conformity

A

Changing believes or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Also known as majority influence

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17
Q

Compliance

A

When individuals change their behavior based on the request of others. Methods of gaining compliance include the foot in the door technique and door in the face technique lowball technique and that’s not all technique among others

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18
Q

Obedience

A

Change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

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19
Q

Attitudes

A

Tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something

There are affective behavioral and cognitive component to attitudes

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20
Q

Functional attitudes theory

A

States that there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life knowledge ego expression adaptability and ego defense

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21
Q

Learning theory

A

States the attitudes are developed through forms of learning : direct contact direct interaction direct instruction and conditioning

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22
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

States that attitudes are formed and change there different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration

Central route processing

Peripheral route processing

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23
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

States that attitudes are formed through observation of behavior personal factors and environment

Behavior develops their direct observation and replication of the actions of others in tandem with the influence of personal factors and the environment in which we observed behavior

Bandura’s triadic reciprocal causation (above statement)

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24
Q

Social action

A

Actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of him performing because others are around

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25
Social interaction
Behavior and actions of two or more individuals could take into account one ANother Facilitated by pre-existing commonalities between individuals
26
Yerkes- dodson law of social facilitation
Being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at or simple tasks and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks / complex tasks
27
Social loafing
Tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting them individually
28
Identity shift effect
Mechanism behind peer pressure When an individuals state of harmony is disrupted by threats of social rejection
29
Social loafing
Tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting Can also apply to physical effort, carrying s box
30
Cognitive dissonance
Simultaneous presence of 2 opposing thoughts or opinions
31
Choice shift
Behavior change of group as a whole Ie do something else
32
Illusion of invulnerability
The creation of optimism and encouragement of risk taking
33
Illusion of morality
Believe that the groups decisions are more morally correct
34
Excessive stereotyping
Construction of stereotypes against outside opinions
35
Pressure for conformity
The pressure put on anyone in the group who expresses opinions against the group viewing the opposition as disloyal
36
Self censorship
Withholding of opposing views
37
Illusion of unanimity
False sense of agreement within the group
38
Mind guards
Appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views
39
Ethnic enclaves
Locations with high concentrations of one specific ethnic city Slow assimilation
40
Counterculture
Subculture group gravitates towards this identity that is it hands with the majority culture and deliberately opposes the prevailing social norms
41
Cultural transmission or cultural learning
Manner in which society socializes it's members
42
Cultural diffusion
Spread of norms customs and beliefs throughout the culture
43
Primary socialization
Occurs during childhood when we first learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society, primarily through observation of her parents and other adults
44
Secondary socialization
Process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller sections of the larger society Chris outside of the home and is based on learning the rules of specific social environments, for example behavior needed to throw up at school is different from home
45
Anticipatory socialization
Hey person prepares for future changes an occupation living situations or relationship
46
Re-socialization
Discarding old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change
47
Mores
Widely observed social norms
48
Folkways
Norms that referred to behavior that is considered polite in a particular social interaction Shaking hands after match
49
Differential association theory
Deviance can beat learn through interactions with others
50
Strain theory
Deviance is a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure Sample the American dream for us to acquiring wealth and personal stability through achievement and hard work.but society is unable to guarantee the education opportunity needed to achieve this goal there for deviant behavior like that can arise as in time to achieve the social goal that side of the limiting social structure
51
Normative conformity
Desire to fit into a group because of fear rejection
52
Internalization
Changing one's behavior to fit with a group while also privately agreeing with ideas of the group
53
Identification
Outward acceptance of others ideas without personally taking on these ideas
54
Foot in the door technique
Is small request is made and after gaining compliance a larger request is made
55
Door in the face technique
A large request is made first and then if refused a second small request is made
56
Lowball technique
Requester will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the cost of the commitment
57
That's not all technique
An individual is made an offer but before making a decision as to what the deal is even better than she expected
58
Affective component of attitude
The way a person feels toward something
59
Behavioral component of attitude
The way a person asked with respect to something Avoiding snakes
60
Cognitive component of attitude
The way individual thinks about something Knowing snakes can be dangerous
61
Knowledge function of the functional attitudes theory
Provide consistency and stability attitudes provide organization too thoughts and experiences Knowing attitudes of others helps to predict their behavior
62
Ego expressive
How does communicate and solidify our self identity. For example if a person strongly identified as for the sports team she may wear a hat that helps identify her as a fan
63
Adaptive attitude
Idea that one will be excepted if socially excepted bowl attitudes are expressed
64
Ego defensive
Protect her self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong A child who has difficulty doing math may develop a negative attitude towards the subject
65
Central route processing
Scrutinizing and analyzing the content of persuasive information
66
Peripheral Bro processing
Low elaboration Focusing on the superficial details of persuasive information such as appearances catch phrases and slogans and credibility

Pychology Ch 1 Mcat (7 decks)

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