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Pychology Ch 1 Mcat > Ch 8 > Flashcards

Ch 8 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Social facilitation

A

The tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around

Do better

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2
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of self-awareness in large groups which can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Can lead to antinormative behavior or behavior against the norm

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3
Q

Bystander effect

A

Observation that one in a group of individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need

People less likely notice danger because of social etiquette (rude to watch others)

Take cues from others

Degree of responsibility felt by the bystander (related or victim deserve life)

Slower In groups of strangers in terms of response and speed

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4
Q

Peer pressure

A

Social influence on an individual by others they consider equals

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5
Q

Group polarization

A

Tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of the individual group members

Even by reading thoughts and ideas his can occur

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6
Q

Groupthink

A

Tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas. Ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform to remain loyal to the group

In attempt to minimize conflict among group members or have a desire to agree with the group in order to conform

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7
Q

Culture

A

Beliefs ideas behaviors actions and characteristics of a group or society of people

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8
Q

Assimilation

A

Process by which a group or individuals culture begins to melt into another culture

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9
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

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10
Q

Subcultures

A

Group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

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11
Q

socialization

A

Process of developing and spreading norms customs and believes

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12
Q

Norms

A

What determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society

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13
Q

Agents of socialization

A

Family pure school religious affiliation and other groups to promote socialization

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14
Q

Stigma

A

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

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15
Q

Deviance

A

Violation of norms rules or expectations within a society

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16
Q

Conformity

A

Changing believes or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Also known as majority influence

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17
Q

Compliance

A

When individuals change their behavior based on the request of others. Methods of gaining compliance include the foot in the door technique and door in the face technique lowball technique and that’s not all technique among others

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18
Q

Obedience

A

Change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

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19
Q

Attitudes

A

Tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something

There are affective behavioral and cognitive component to attitudes

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20
Q

Functional attitudes theory

A

States that there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life knowledge ego expression adaptability and ego defense

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21
Q

Learning theory

A

States the attitudes are developed through forms of learning : direct contact direct interaction direct instruction and conditioning

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22
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

States that attitudes are formed and change there different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration

Central route processing

Peripheral route processing

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23
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

States that attitudes are formed through observation of behavior personal factors and environment

Behavior develops their direct observation and replication of the actions of others in tandem with the influence of personal factors and the environment in which we observed behavior

Bandura’s triadic reciprocal causation (above statement)

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24
Q

Social action

A

Actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of him performing because others are around

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25
Q

Social interaction

A

Behavior and actions of two or more individuals could take into account one ANother

Facilitated by pre-existing commonalities between individuals

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26
Q

Yerkes- dodson law of social facilitation

A

Being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at or simple tasks and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks / complex tasks

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27
Q

Social loafing

A

Tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting them individually

28
Q

Identity shift effect

A

Mechanism behind peer pressure

When an individuals state of harmony is disrupted by threats of social rejection

29
Q

Social loafing

A

Tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting

Can also apply to physical effort, carrying s box

30
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Simultaneous presence of 2 opposing thoughts or opinions

31
Q

Choice shift

A

Behavior change of group as a whole

Ie do something else

32
Q

Illusion of invulnerability

A

The creation of optimism and encouragement of risk taking

33
Q

Illusion of morality

A

Believe that the groups decisions are more morally correct

34
Q

Excessive stereotyping

A

Construction of stereotypes against outside opinions

35
Q

Pressure for conformity

A

The pressure put on anyone in the group who expresses opinions against the group viewing the opposition as disloyal

36
Q

Self censorship

A

Withholding of opposing views

37
Q

Illusion of unanimity

A

False sense of agreement within the group

38
Q

Mind guards

A

Appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views

39
Q

Ethnic enclaves

A

Locations with high concentrations of one specific ethnic city

Slow assimilation

40
Q

Counterculture

A

Subculture group gravitates towards this identity that is it hands with the majority culture and deliberately opposes the prevailing social norms

41
Q

Cultural transmission or cultural learning

A

Manner in which society socializes it’s members

42
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

Spread of norms customs and beliefs throughout the culture

43
Q

Primary socialization

A

Occurs during childhood when we first learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society, primarily through observation of her parents and other adults

44
Q

Secondary socialization

A

Process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller sections of the larger society

Chris outside of the home and is based on learning the rules of specific social environments, for example behavior needed to throw up at school is different from home

45
Q

Anticipatory socialization

A

Hey person prepares for future changes an occupation living situations or relationship

46
Q

Re-socialization

A

Discarding old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change

47
Q

Mores

A

Widely observed social norms

48
Q

Folkways

A

Norms that referred to behavior that is considered polite in a particular social interaction

Shaking hands after match

49
Q

Differential association theory

A

Deviance can beat learn through interactions with others

50
Q

Strain theory

A

Deviance is a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure

Sample the American dream for us to acquiring wealth and personal stability through achievement and hard work.but society is unable to guarantee the education opportunity needed to achieve this goal there for deviant behavior like that can arise as in time to achieve the social goal that side of the limiting social structure

51
Q

Normative conformity

A

Desire to fit into a group because of fear rejection

52
Q

Internalization

A

Changing one’s behavior to fit with a group while also privately agreeing with ideas of the group

53
Q

Identification

A

Outward acceptance of others ideas without personally taking on these ideas

54
Q

Foot in the door technique

A

Is small request is made and after gaining compliance a larger request is made

55
Q

Door in the face technique

A

A large request is made first and then if refused a second small request is made

56
Q

Lowball technique

A

Requester will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the cost of the commitment

57
Q

That’s not all technique

A

An individual is made an offer but before making a decision as to what the deal is even better than she expected

58
Q

Affective component of attitude

A

The way a person feels toward something

59
Q

Behavioral component of attitude

A

The way a person asked with respect to something

Avoiding snakes

60
Q

Cognitive component of attitude

A

The way individual thinks about something

Knowing snakes can be dangerous

61
Q

Knowledge function of the functional attitudes theory

A

Provide consistency and stability attitudes

provide organization too thoughts and experiences

Knowing attitudes of others helps to predict their behavior

62
Q

Ego expressive

A

How does communicate and solidify our self identity. For example if a person strongly identified as for the sports team she may wear a hat that helps identify her as a fan

63
Q

Adaptive attitude

A

Idea that one will be excepted if socially excepted bowl attitudes are expressed

64
Q

Ego defensive

A

Protect her self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong

A child who has difficulty doing math may develop a negative attitude towards the subject

65
Q

Central route processing

A

Scrutinizing and analyzing the content of persuasive information

66
Q

Peripheral Bro processing

A

Low elaboration

Focusing on the superficial details of persuasive information such as appearances catch phrases and slogans and credibility

Pychology Ch 1 Mcat (7 decks)

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