Ch 8

Question 1

3 developmental stages in utero

Answer 1

Pre-embryonic
Embryonic
Fetal

Question 2

T/F: embryonic stage lasts from conception to day 14

Answer 2

F: pre-embryonic
(embryonic: day 15 to end of 8th week)

Question 3

Fetal stage is from the ___ week to ___

Answer 3

8th
birth

Question 4

Ectoderm (outer cell layer of embryo) develops into

Answer 4

Sensory organs, epidermis, NS

Question 5

Mesoderm develops into

Answer 5

Dermis, musc, skel, excretory and circulatory systems

Question 6

Endoderm becomes

Answer 6

Gut, liver, pancreas and respiratory sys

Question 7

T/F: cell layers = endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm (in-out)

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Formation of neural tube (days 18-26)

Answer 8

Neural plate (thickening of ectoderm)

On surface of embryo, plate extends from head to tail region

Edges of plate fold to create neural groove

Day 21, when folds touch, neural tube= formed

Tube closes first in future cervical region

Groove rapidly zips closed rostrally and caudally leaving open neuropores (open ends)

Question 9

T/F: neural tube closes similarly to 2 way zipper (closes in middle)

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Inf part of neural tube becomes ___, sup part becomes ___

Answer 10

Spinal cord
Brain

Question 11

T/F: dermatome is an embryonic section of somite, after embryonic stage group of musc innervated by segmental spinal nerve

Answer 11

F: myotome

Question 12

T/F: dermatome is the area of somite that becomes dermis, after embryonic stage dermis = innervated by single spinal nerve

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Why does the adult spinal cord end @ L1, L2 vertebral lvl?

Answer 13

As fetus matures, spinal column grows faster than cord

Question 14

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 14

Conus medullaris

Question 15

What are the nerve roots that extend inferior to the end of spinal cord?

Answer 15

Cauda equina

Question 16

T/F: the mesencephalon is synonym for midbrain

Answer 16

T

Question 17

The hindbrain differentiates into

Answer 17

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 18

T/F: midbrain retains it name throughout development

(central canal becomes cerebral aqueduct in midbrain, connecting 3&4 ventricles)

Answer 18

T

Question 19

The post region of forebrain stays near the midline and becomes

Answer 19

Diencephalon

Question 20

Ant region of forebrain becomes

Answer 20

Telencephalon

Question 21

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that results when the inf ___ does not close

(developing vertebra do not close around incomplete neural tube –> bony defect @ distal end of tube)

Answer 21

Neuropore

Question 22

Spina bifida ___ occurs if the neural tissue does not protrude through the bony defect, spinal cord func normally

Answer 22

Spina bifida occulta

Question 23

Spina bifida occurs before, during or after birth

Answer 23

Before

Question 24

3 types of spina bifida cystica

Answer 24

Meningocele, myelomeningocele, myeloschisis

Question 25

Meningocele is

Answer 25

Protrusion of meninges through bony defect

(may be asymptomatic)

Question 26

Myelomeningocele results in

Answer 26

Abnormal growth of spinal cord and some degree of LE dysfunc

Question 27

Myeloschisis is

Answer 27

Most severe defect, consisting of malformed spinal cord open to surface of body (occurs when neural folds fail to close)

Question 28

T/F: cerebral palsy occurs w/ maternal alcohol intake

Answer 28

F: fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 29

What is a mvt and postural disorder caused by permanent, non progressive damage to developing brain?

Answer 29

Cerebral palsy

Question 30

Types of CP

Answer 30

Spasticity (neuromuscular overactivity)

Dyskinetic (musc tone fluctuates)

Ataxic (incoord and shaking)

Hypotonic (floppy)

Mixed

Question 31

What foods should pregnant women have?

Answer 31

High calcium, folic acid and iron