Ch. 8 Flashcards
enzyme activity
cooler temps slow it down and higher temps speed it up
amphibolic pathways
function simultaneously in catabolic and anabolic pathways. it breaks things down and puts it together
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
made by catabolic reactions and provides the energy for anabolic reactions. ATP is made on demand and we can’t save it up. made up of three phosphates, adenine, and ribose. cells need ATP or we’ll die
biosynthesis
construction of biological molecules (need these to survive). fueled by ATP
cellular respiration
glycolysis, intermediate step, Krebs cycle aka citric acid cycle, e- transport chain
photoheterotroph
use light energy but require an outside source of organic carbon
photoautotrophs
use light energy to fix carbon
chemoautotrophs
use energy in nutrients to fix carbon
chemoheterotrophs
use energy in nutrients and require an outside source of organic carbon
coenzymes (electron carriers)
organic cofactors. often collect electrons from one reaction and shuttle them to other reactions in the cell.
metabolism
chemical reactions that cells use to break down substances and release energy plus reactions that build substances
ribozymes
specialized catalytic RNA molecules. they act on other RNA molecules
what factors influence enzyme activity?
Cofactors, temp, pH, amt of substrate, presence of inhibitors
biochemical tests
allow us to detect metabolic end products, intermediates, or particular enzymes and thus are extremely useful in identifying microbes.
pentose-phosphate pathway
convert pentoses (five-carbon sugars) into trioses (three-carbon sugars) and hexoses (six-carbon sugars). present in bacteria and human red blood cells
entner-doudoroff pathway
produces 1 ATP for every 1 glucose molecule; primarily found in gneg bacteria that are obligate aerobes; not found in human cells so this could be a way to selectively target bacteria in terms of treatments in humans bc it won’t mess with our cells function in any way
