Ch. 17 Flashcards
1
Q
chickenpox
A
- red, itchy rash, fevers, virus can travel to nerve cells and become latent
- highly contagious
- transmission: resp. droplets or direct contact
- child cases: more mild
- adult cases: more severe –> most likely bc immune system mounts a stronger response to it
2
Q
measles
A
- transmission: highly contagious even if no symptoms/signs, spread thru resp. route
- mechanism of disease: causes cells to fuse w/ one another, allows virus to evade abx made by immune system, virus multiplies in resp. tract and spreads via blood and lymph
- 10 days after exposure will have fever, sore throat, dry cough, spots in mouth (Koplik spots), then maculopapular rash follows (begins on face and spreads to body)
- prevent with MMR vax
3
Q
primary lesion
A
directly associated w/ specific disease or disease process
4
Q
secondary lesion
A
less strictly defined, developed from primary lesions, trauma, or skin scratching
5
Q
rubella
A
- mechanism of action: enters thru resp. tract, spreads to lymph nodes and spreads to blood stream
- progression: rash starts on face and spreads down, lasts 3-7 days, fever; achy, swollen lymph nodes, runny nose
- prevention: MMR vax –> DO NOT administer to prego, children under 1, and immunosuppressed individuals
- enveloped SS RNA virus
6
Q
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
A
result in stillbirth, miscarriage, birth defects (blindness, deafness, heart defects, and growth or mental disabilities)
7
Q
What is the role of lysozymes in our sweat?
A
- breaks down peptidoglycan found in bacterial cell walls
- protects our skin from microbes by breaking down antigens
8
Q
What examples of things can influence the types of microbes found on the skin?
A
- environmental exposure
- occupation
- abx usage
- age
- cosmetics
- moisturizers and soaps
- clothing
- hormone levels
9
Q
shingles
A
- reactivation of the latent virus (Varicella-zoster chickenpox) that traveled to the nerve cells and remained quiet
- symptoms: rash on back and other nerve rich areas, like the face (only on one side of the body)
> rash: band of blisters, burning, & painful
10
Q
pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
- infections in burn patients, catheterized patients, and people on ventilators; found in water and soil; resistant to many abx; grow in low nutrient env, including soaps, disinfectants, and distilled water
- gram-negative aerobic bacilli
- some make pyocyanin (greenish-blue pigment, generates reactive forms of oxygen (damage tissues), and cause pus to appear blue/green)
11
Q
Lesions associated with smallpox
A
- fluid filled vesicles that evolve to pustules and then they’ll dry and crust over
12
Q
Lesions associated with chickenpox/shingles
A
- look like a band of red blisters and are also vesicular and itchy
13
Q
tetanus (lock jaw)
A
- etiological agent: Clostridium tetani
- signs and symptoms: muscles contracting and stay that way, intense muscle spasms
- gram positive anaerobe (no oxygen)
- found in soils all over the world
- irreversible damage to neurons –> death, resp. failure
- prevention: DTap or Tdap
14
Q
Staphylococcus species
A
- cause staph infxns, which are a collection of skin diseases
- gram-positive cocci
- Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of such infections –> some strains can lead to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and lymphatic infxns
> red, swollen, painful skin (cellulitis)
15
Q
staphylococcal impetigo
A
- signs and symptoms: superficial pus-filled vesicles
- crust over into honey-colored lesions
- often secondary infxn
- impetigo characteristics: highly colored lesions
- impetigo transmission: direct contact; contaminated fomites (inanimate objects)
- treatments: topical abx
16
Q
S. pyogenes
A
- cause necrotizing fasciitis
- cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
> bacterial toxins are released into the bloodstream, cause a drop in blood pressure and organ failure
