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Pharm Exam 3 > ch 70 > Flashcards

ch 70 Flashcards

1
Q

1st choice uncomplicated UTI

A

Amoxicillin

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2
Q

1st choice Neisseria Meningitides (meningococcus)

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

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3
Q

1st choice E.Coli

A

Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftriaxone

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4
Q

klebsiella pneumoniae

A

cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefapime and ceftazidime

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5
Q

Salmonella

A

ceftriaxone

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6
Q

what antibiotics inhibit bacterial wall synthesis or activate enzymes that disrupt the cell wall

A 
Penicillins
cephalosporins
imipenem
vancomycin
caspofungin
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7
Q

what antibiotics increase cell membrane permeability

A

amphotericin B
daptomycin
itraconazole

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8
Q

what antibiotics cause lethal inhibition of bacterial protein sythesis

A

aminoglycosides (gentamycin)

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9
Q

what antibiotics cause nonlethal inhibition of protein synthesis

A

tetracyclines
Clindamycin
erythromycin
Linezolid

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10
Q

what abx inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA or disrupt DNA function

A

rifampin, metronidazole, fluoroquinolones

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11
Q

drugs that are directly lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations

A

bacteriocidal

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12
Q

drugs that can slow bacterial growth but do not cause cell death

A

bacteriostatic

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13
Q

bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic

which needs a working immune system to work

A

bacteriostatic

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14
Q

what are the 4 ways for bugs to resist drugs

A

decrease drug concentration at site of action

alter the structure of drug target molecules (changes receptors)

produce a drug antagonist

cause drug inactivation

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15
Q

example of a bug producing a drug antagonist

A

synthesize increased number of PABA

against sulfa drugs

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16
Q

example of drug inactivation

A

increased production of penicillinase that inactivates penicillin

also for cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones

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17
Q

what mechanism for acquiring resistance happens primarily among gram neg bacteria

A

conjugation

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18
Q

what mechanism for acquiring resistance confers resistance to only one drug

A

Spontaneous mutation

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19
Q

what mechanism for acquiring resistance that confers multiple-drug resistance

A

conjugation

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20
Q

explain antibiotic use and emergence of drug resistant microbes

A

You have natural microbes that keep each other in check, using a broad spectrum may kill off some that was keeping other bacteria in check. You kill them and the resistant bacteria take over

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21
Q

a new infection that appears during the course of treatment for primary infection

A

superinfection

ie) vaginal candida in female treated with a broad spectrum drugs, superinfections are more likely in pt receiving broad spectrum

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22
Q

NDM-1 gene

A

falls under drug inactivation

code for additional resistance determinants including drug efflux pumps and enzymes that can inactivate (pg 654)

23
Q

name that bug (2)

Bacterial meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae -

Neisseria meningitides - 3rd gen cephalosporin

24
Q

name that bug (2)

Acute Sinusitis

A

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

25
Q

name that bug (1)

Pharyngitis

A

Strep Pyogenes

26
Q

name that bug -4

Community acquired pneumonia

A

S. pneumoniae

Mycoplasma spp.

H. influenzae

Staph aureus

27
Q

name that bug (3)

Hospital acquired pneumonia

A

Pseudomonas spp

Klebsiella spp

S. aureus

28
Q

name that bug (4)

Endocarditis

A

Streptococcus viridans

coagulase-negative

Staph spp

S aureus

29
Q

name that bug (2)

cholangitis

A

Enterobacteriaceae

anaerobes

30
Q

name that bug (2)

UTI, pyleonephritis

A

E. coli

Enterobacteriaceae

31
Q

name that bug (1)

osteomyelitis

A

S. aureus

32
Q

name that bug (2)

cellulitis

A

S. aureus

Streptococcus spp

33
Q

to be effective, an antibiotic must be present at the site of infection in a concentration greater than the

A

minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

34
Q

treatment for streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin G

35
Q

genetic factor that can affect antibiotics

A

G6PD deficiency - more common in those of African and Mediterranean descent - hemolysis due to deficiency in G6PD for RBCs (ex sulfonamides)

genetics can also effect drug metabolism

36
Q

infants and antimicrobial

A

highly vulnerable to drug tox due to poorly developed kidney and liver function

37
Q

what antibiotic class can produce kernicterus in infants

A

sulfonamides

kernicterus is severe neurologic disorder caused by displacement of bili from plasma proteins

38
Q

Children/adolescents - what antibiotic can cause discoloration in developing teeth

A

tetracyclines

39
Q

gentamycin in pregnancy

A

irreversible hearing loss to infant

40
Q

breastfeeding - levels in milk cause kernicterous

A

Sulfonamides

41
Q

treat for E.Coli

A

cefotaxime
ceftazidime
cefepime
ceftriaxone

42
Q

Treat for Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefepime
Ceftazidime

43
Q

Salmonella treatment

A

Ceftriaxone and a fluoroquinolone

if other than Salmonella typhi
also add a cefotaxime

44
Q

shigella treatment

A

A fluoroquinolone

45
Q

Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) treatment

A

Azithromycin

clarithromycin

erythromycin

46
Q

If you are going into surgery for a perf appy, open fractures, animal bites - abx is treatment or prophylaxis

A

treatment

47
Q

treatment for meningitis, epiglottitis, arthritis, and other serious infections with H. Influenzae

A

Cefotaxime

ceftriaxone

48
Q

Upper resp infection and bronchitis secondary to H. influenzae

A

Trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole

49
Q

H. pylori treatment

A

clarithromycin plus amoxicillin plus esmeprazole (PPI)

50
Q

treatment for psudomonas aeruginosa for UTI

A

Ciprofloxacin

51
Q

treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

erythromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

one of above plus Tetracycline

52
Q

treatment for chlamydia psittaci

A

Doxycycline

53
Q

what abx has antimicrobial action Antimetabolites

A

Flucytosine
sulfonamides
Trimethoprim

Pharm Exam 3 (19 decks)

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