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Pharm Exam 3 > Ch 54 > Flashcards

Ch 54 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of immunity is antibody-mediated

A

Humoral

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of immune responses

A 
natural immunity (innate)
specific acquired immunity
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3
Q

specific acquired immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance. The foreign substances that induce specific responses are called

A

antigens

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4
Q

what is the objective of the immune response to antigens

A

to kill them

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5
Q

specific immune responses are possible because

A

certain cells of the immune system (T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) possess receptors that can recognize individual receptors

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6
Q

what are the 2 groups of specific acquired immune responses

A

cell-mediated immunity

Humoral immunity

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7
Q

what immunity refers to immune responses in which targets are attacked directly by immune system cells (cytolytic T cells and macrophages)

A

cell -mediated immunity

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8
Q

what cells of the immune system are involved in cell-mediated immunity

A

cytolytic T cells

macrophages

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9
Q

what immunity refers to immune responses that are mediated by antibodies

A

Humoral

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10
Q

define the term humoral

A

pertaining to elements dissolved in blood or body fluids - connotes that antibodies dissolved in the blood

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11
Q

what is the job of B lymphocytes (B cells)

A

make antibodies

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12
Q

where are B cells produced?

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

do cytolytic t cells produce antibodies

A

no

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14
Q

how do Cytolytic T cells work in immunity

A

they attack and kill target cells directly

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15
Q

Cytolytic T cells are also known as

A

CD8 cells

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16
Q

what does the CD8 annotation mean

A

presence of cell surface marker molecules known as cell differentiation complex 8

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17
Q

what does the T stand for in Cytolytic T cells

A

thymus - the organ in which cytolytic T cells and helper T cells mature

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18
Q

where do cytolytic T cells circulate

A

in the blood and lymph

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19
Q

how do helper t lymphocytes (Helper T cells, CD4 cells)

contribute to the immune response

A

1) they have an essential role in antibody production by B cells
2) they release factors that promote Type IV sensitivity reactions, also known as Delayed type hypersensitivity
3) participate in the activation of cytolytic T cells

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20
Q

where do helper T cells circulate

A

blood and lymph

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21
Q

what differentiates Helper T cells

A

carry CD4 (cell differentiation complex 4) marker molecules on their surface

22
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for B lymphocytes?

A

Produce antibodies

23
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for CTLS (Cytolytic T cells, cytotoxic T cells, CD8 cells)?

A

lyse target cells

24
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for Helper T lymphocytes?

A

promote proliferation and differentiation of B cells and CTLs

initiate delayed type hypersensitivity

25
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for Macrophages?

A

Promote proliferation and differentiation of helper t cells and CTLS by serving as APCs

Participating in delayed type hypersensitivity

Phagocytize cells tagged with antibodies

Phagocytize cells in the effector stage of delayed type hypersensitivity

26
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for dendritic cells

A

promote proliferation of CTLs and helper T cells by serving as APCs

27
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for mast cells

A

mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions

28
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for basophils

A

Mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions

29
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for Neutrophils

A

Phagocytize foreign particles especially those tagged with IgG

mediate inflammation

30
Q

what is the primary immune-related action for Eosinophils

A

Attack helminths and foreign particles that have been coated with IgE

Contribute to immediate hypersensitivity reactions

31
Q

aids and immune system

A

AIDS attacks helper T cells which are required for an effective immune response. Because of Helper T cell loss, AIDS patients are at high risk for death from opportunistic infections

32
Q

describe the pathway of macrophages

A

macrophages begin in the bone marrow _> enter the blood as monocytes -> infiltrate tissues where they evolve into macrophages.

Present in all organs and tissues

33
Q

what is the primary job of macrophages?

A

phagocytosis

34
Q

what are the functions of macrophages in specific acquired immunity?

A

1) required for activation of T cells
2) final mediators of DTH
3) phagocytize cells that have been tagged with antibodies

35
Q

physical barriers (skin), phagocytic cells and natural killer cells are examples of what kind of immunity

A

Natural immunity (Innate or native)

36
Q

“pertaining to elements dissolved in blood or body fluids”

A

Humoral

37
Q

what type of cells have the job of making antibodies meaning that these cells mediate humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes

38
Q

where do B cells circulate

A

blood and lymph

39
Q

Who is the clean up crew? scavengers

A

Cell mediated immunity (Macrophages and cytolytic T cells)

40
Q

delayed type hypersensitivity

A

Helper T cells

41
Q

If you are immune compromised such as AIDS what type of antibiotic will not work

A

bactericidal

42
Q

what immune cells does HIV AIDS attack

A

Helper T cells ( required for an effected immune response)

43
Q

what cells mediate immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis)

A

Mast cells

Basophils

44
Q

what antibodies are transferred to babies via breastmilk

A

IgA (not absorbed via GI tract but protects against microbes in GI tract)

45
Q

itching (sensitivity reactions) antibody

A

IgG

46
Q

anaphylaxis, allergy driven

A

IgE

47
Q

what antibody binds to surface of mast cells ->stimulates release of histamine, heparin, ect

A

IgE

48
Q

which antibody response can you re-introduce food in

A

IgG but never IgE

49
Q

what antibody crosses placenta to fetal circulation

A

IgG

50
Q

antibody that promotes target cell lysis

A

IgM

Pharm Exam 3 (19 decks)

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