Ch 54

Question 1

what type of immunity is antibody-mediated

Answer 1

Humoral

Question 2

what are the 2 types of immune responses

Answer 2

natural immunity (innate)
specific acquired immunity

Question 3

specific acquired immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance. The foreign substances that induce specific responses are called

Answer 3

antigens

Question 4

what is the objective of the immune response to antigens

Answer 4

to kill them

Question 5

specific immune responses are possible because

Answer 5

certain cells of the immune system (T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) possess receptors that can recognize individual receptors

Question 6

what are the 2 groups of specific acquired immune responses

Answer 6

cell-mediated immunity

Humoral immunity

Question 7

what immunity refers to immune responses in which targets are attacked directly by immune system cells (cytolytic T cells and macrophages)

Answer 7

cell -mediated immunity

Question 8

what cells of the immune system are involved in cell-mediated immunity

Answer 8

cytolytic T cells

macrophages

Question 9

what immunity refers to immune responses that are mediated by antibodies

Answer 9

Humoral

Question 10

define the term humoral

Answer 10

pertaining to elements dissolved in blood or body fluids - connotes that antibodies dissolved in the blood

Question 11

what is the job of B lymphocytes (B cells)

Answer 11

make antibodies

Question 12

where are B cells produced?

Answer 12

bone marrow

Question 13

do cytolytic t cells produce antibodies

Answer 13

no

Question 14

how do Cytolytic T cells work in immunity

Answer 14

they attack and kill target cells directly

Question 15

Cytolytic T cells are also known as

Answer 15

CD8 cells

Question 16

what does the CD8 annotation mean

Answer 16

presence of cell surface marker molecules known as cell differentiation complex 8

Question 17

what does the T stand for in Cytolytic T cells

Answer 17

thymus - the organ in which cytolytic T cells and helper T cells mature

Question 18

where do cytolytic T cells circulate

Answer 18

in the blood and lymph

Question 19

how do helper t lymphocytes (Helper T cells, CD4 cells)

contribute to the immune response

Answer 19

1) they have an essential role in antibody production by B cells
2) they release factors that promote Type IV sensitivity reactions, also known as Delayed type hypersensitivity
3) participate in the activation of cytolytic T cells

Question 20

where do helper T cells circulate

Answer 20

blood and lymph

Question 21

what differentiates Helper T cells

Answer 21

carry CD4 (cell differentiation complex 4) marker molecules on their surface

Question 22

what is the primary immune-related action for B lymphocytes?

Answer 22

Produce antibodies

Question 23

what is the primary immune-related action for CTLS (Cytolytic T cells, cytotoxic T cells, CD8 cells)?

Answer 23

lyse target cells

Question 24

what is the primary immune-related action for Helper T lymphocytes?

Answer 24

promote proliferation and differentiation of B cells and CTLs

initiate delayed type hypersensitivity

Question 25

what is the primary immune-related action for Macrophages?

Answer 25

Promote proliferation and differentiation of helper t cells and CTLS by serving as APCs Participating in delayed type hypersensitivity Phagocytize cells tagged with antibodies Phagocytize cells in the effector stage of delayed type hypersensitivity

Question 26

what is the primary immune-related action for dendritic cells

Answer 26

promote proliferation of CTLs and helper T cells by serving as APCs

Question 27

what is the primary immune-related action for mast cells

Answer 27

mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 28

what is the primary immune-related action for basophils

Answer 28

Mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 29

what is the primary immune-related action for Neutrophils

Answer 29

Phagocytize foreign particles especially those tagged with IgG mediate inflammation

Question 30

what is the primary immune-related action for Eosinophils

Answer 30

Attack helminths and foreign particles that have been coated with IgE Contribute to immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 31

aids and immune system

Answer 31

AIDS attacks helper T cells which are required for an effective immune response. Because of Helper T cell loss, AIDS patients are at high risk for death from opportunistic infections

Question 32

describe the pathway of macrophages

Answer 32

macrophages begin in the bone marrow _> enter the blood as monocytes -> infiltrate tissues where they evolve into macrophages. Present in all organs and tissues

Question 33

what is the primary job of macrophages?

Answer 33

phagocytosis

Question 34

what are the functions of macrophages in specific acquired immunity?

Answer 34

1) required for activation of T cells 2) final mediators of DTH 3) phagocytize cells that have been tagged with antibodies

Question 35

physical barriers (skin), phagocytic cells and natural killer cells are examples of what kind of immunity

Answer 35

Natural immunity (Innate or native)

Question 36

"pertaining to elements dissolved in blood or body fluids"

Answer 36

Humoral

Question 37

what type of cells have the job of making antibodies meaning that these cells mediate humoral immunity

Answer 37

B lymphocytes

Question 38

where do B cells circulate

Answer 38

blood and lymph

Question 39

Who is the clean up crew? scavengers

Answer 39

Cell mediated immunity (Macrophages and cytolytic T cells)

Question 40

delayed type hypersensitivity

Answer 40

Helper T cells

Question 41

If you are immune compromised such as AIDS what type of antibiotic will not work

Answer 41

bactericidal

Question 42

what immune cells does HIV AIDS attack

Answer 42

Helper T cells ( required for an effected immune response)

Question 43

what cells mediate immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis)

Answer 43

Mast cells | Basophils

Question 44

what antibodies are transferred to babies via breastmilk

Answer 44

IgA (not absorbed via GI tract but protects against microbes in GI tract)

Question 45

itching (sensitivity reactions) antibody

Answer 45

IgG

Question 46

anaphylaxis, allergy driven

Answer 46

IgE

Question 47

what antibody binds to surface of mast cells ->stimulates release of histamine, heparin, ect

Answer 47

IgE

Question 48

which antibody response can you re-introduce food in

Answer 48

IgG but never IgE

Question 49

what antibody crosses placenta to fetal circulation

Answer 49

IgG

Question 50

antibody that promotes target cell lysis

Answer 50

IgM