Ch 54 Flashcards
what type of immunity is antibody-mediated
Humoral
what are the 2 types of immune responses
natural immunity (innate) specific acquired immunity
specific acquired immune responses occur only after exposure to a foreign substance. The foreign substances that induce specific responses are called
antigens
what is the objective of the immune response to antigens
to kill them
specific immune responses are possible because
certain cells of the immune system (T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) possess receptors that can recognize individual receptors
what are the 2 groups of specific acquired immune responses
cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
what immunity refers to immune responses in which targets are attacked directly by immune system cells (cytolytic T cells and macrophages)
cell -mediated immunity
what cells of the immune system are involved in cell-mediated immunity
cytolytic T cells
macrophages
what immunity refers to immune responses that are mediated by antibodies
Humoral
define the term humoral
pertaining to elements dissolved in blood or body fluids - connotes that antibodies dissolved in the blood
what is the job of B lymphocytes (B cells)
make antibodies
where are B cells produced?
bone marrow
do cytolytic t cells produce antibodies
no
how do Cytolytic T cells work in immunity
they attack and kill target cells directly
Cytolytic T cells are also known as
CD8 cells
what does the CD8 annotation mean
presence of cell surface marker molecules known as cell differentiation complex 8
what does the T stand for in Cytolytic T cells
thymus - the organ in which cytolytic T cells and helper T cells mature
where do cytolytic T cells circulate
in the blood and lymph
how do helper t lymphocytes (Helper T cells, CD4 cells)
contribute to the immune response
1) they have an essential role in antibody production by B cells
2) they release factors that promote Type IV sensitivity reactions, also known as Delayed type hypersensitivity
3) participate in the activation of cytolytic T cells
where do helper T cells circulate
blood and lymph
what differentiates Helper T cells
carry CD4 (cell differentiation complex 4) marker molecules on their surface
what is the primary immune-related action for B lymphocytes?
Produce antibodies
what is the primary immune-related action for CTLS (Cytolytic T cells, cytotoxic T cells, CD8 cells)?
lyse target cells
what is the primary immune-related action for Helper T lymphocytes?
promote proliferation and differentiation of B cells and CTLs
initiate delayed type hypersensitivity
what is the primary immune-related action for Macrophages?
Promote proliferation and differentiation of helper t cells and CTLS by serving as APCs
Participating in delayed type hypersensitivity
Phagocytize cells tagged with antibodies
Phagocytize cells in the effector stage of delayed type hypersensitivity
what is the primary immune-related action for dendritic cells
promote proliferation of CTLs and helper T cells by serving as APCs
what is the primary immune-related action for mast cells
mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions
what is the primary immune-related action for basophils
Mediate immediate hypersensitivity reactions
what is the primary immune-related action for Neutrophils
Phagocytize foreign particles especially those tagged with IgG
mediate inflammation
what is the primary immune-related action for Eosinophils
Attack helminths and foreign particles that have been coated with IgE
Contribute to immediate hypersensitivity reactions
aids and immune system
AIDS attacks helper T cells which are required for an effective immune response. Because of Helper T cell loss, AIDS patients are at high risk for death from opportunistic infections
describe the pathway of macrophages
macrophages begin in the bone marrow _> enter the blood as monocytes -> infiltrate tissues where they evolve into macrophages.
Present in all organs and tissues
what is the primary job of macrophages?
phagocytosis
what are the functions of macrophages in specific acquired immunity?
1) required for activation of T cells
2) final mediators of DTH
3) phagocytize cells that have been tagged with antibodies
physical barriers (skin), phagocytic cells and natural killer cells are examples of what kind of immunity
Natural immunity (Innate or native)
“pertaining to elements dissolved in blood or body fluids”
Humoral
what type of cells have the job of making antibodies meaning that these cells mediate humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
where do B cells circulate
blood and lymph
Who is the clean up crew? scavengers
Cell mediated immunity (Macrophages and cytolytic T cells)
delayed type hypersensitivity
Helper T cells
If you are immune compromised such as AIDS what type of antibiotic will not work
bactericidal
what immune cells does HIV AIDS attack
Helper T cells ( required for an effected immune response)
what cells mediate immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis)
Mast cells
Basophils
what antibodies are transferred to babies via breastmilk
IgA (not absorbed via GI tract but protects against microbes in GI tract)
itching (sensitivity reactions) antibody
IgG
anaphylaxis, allergy driven
IgE
what antibody binds to surface of mast cells ->stimulates release of histamine, heparin, ect
IgE
which antibody response can you re-introduce food in
IgG but never IgE
what antibody crosses placenta to fetal circulation
IgG
antibody that promotes target cell lysis
IgM
