Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kaplan Physics > Ch. 7: Waves and Sound > Flashcards

Ch. 7: Waves and Sound Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

which direction do particles oscillate in transverse waves

A

perpendicular to the direction of propagation

rope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which direction do particles oscillate in longitudinal waves

A

parallel to the direction or propagation

springs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

wavelength (gamma)

A

distance from one maximum of the wave to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

frequency (f)

A

of wavelengths passing though a point per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

unit of frequency

A

Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

propagation speed equation

A

v = f*gamma

propagation speed = frequency * wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

period (T) equation

A

Number of seconds per cycle. The inverse of frequency.

T = 1/f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

angular frequency (w) units

A

radians per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

angular frequency (w) equation

A

w = 2pif = [2*pi] / T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

amplitude (A)

A

maximum magnitude of displacement (from the equilibrium position) in a wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phase difference

A

a measure of how “in step” or “out of step” waves are from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

constructive interference

A

when waves are perfectly in phase … the resultant wave amplitude is equal to the SUM of the displacement of the two interacting waves

A + A = 2A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

destructive interference

A

when waves are perfectly out of phase … resultant wave amplitude is equal to the DIFFERENCE of the displacement of the two interacting waves (zero)

A - A = 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

partially constructive/destructive interference

A

the mostly additive/subtractive effect of waves that are mostly in/out of phase with each other on the resultant wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

traveling waves

A

a wave that propagates with interference between the incident and reflected waves makes wave makes wave appears to move through the medium or be nonexistent

nodes/antinodes move with propagation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

standing wave

A

a wave that propagates with interference that makes the wave appear stationary

nodes/antinodes are fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nodes

A

points in a wave where amplitude is consistently zero and that remain at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

antinodes

A

points in a wave where amplitude fluctuates between two maximums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

timbre

A

quality of the sound determined by the natural frequency/frequencies of the object

20
Q

forced oscillation

A

frequency of force applied to system = frequency of a system’s resultant drive

push on a swing = movement of a swing

21
Q

damping/attenuation

A

decrease in an amplitude of a wave caused by an applied/nonconservative force

22
Q

resonance

A

increase in amplitude that occurs when a periodic force is applied at the natural (resonant) frequency of an object

23
Q

sound is what kind of wave

A

a longitudinal wave

particles move parallel to propagation

24
Q

equation for speed of sound

A

v = sq root(B/p)

speed = square root of (bulk modulus of medium * density of medium)

25
Q

in what kinds of matter does speed travel fastest and slowest

A

fastest in solid

slowest in gas

26
Q

pitch

A

perception of the frequency of a sound

27
Q

infrasonic waves

A

sound waves with frequencies below 20Hz

28
Q

ultra sonic waves

A

sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz

29
Q

Doppler Effect

A

difference between perceived and actual frequency of a sound

30
Q

when is perceived frequency greater than actual frequency

A

when source and object move toward each other

31
Q

when is perceived frequency less than actual frequency

A

when source and object move away from each other

32
Q

Doppler effect equation

A

f’ = f [ (v +/- vd) / (v -/+ vs) ]

top for toward
bottom for away

33
Q

shock wave

A

highly condensed wave front causing physical disturbances in the objects it passes through

34
Q

when can a sonic boom be heard

A

any time an object moving faster than the speed of sound passes a detector

35
Q

loudness/volume

A

perception of a wave’s intensity

36
Q

intensity

A

average rate of energy transfer per area across a surface perpendicular to the wave

37
Q

intensity equation with units

A

I = P/A

Watts/square meter

38
Q

closed boundaries

A

boundaries that do not allow for oscillation and correspond to nodes

39
Q

open boundaries

A

boundaries that allow for oscillation and correspond to antinodes

40
Q

equation relating string/open pipe length to wavelength

A

gamma = 2L / n

harmonic is an EVEN integer

41
Q

harmonic for strings

A

how many half wavelengths are supported by the string (number of antinodes present)

42
Q

fundamental frequency

A

lowest frequency/longest wavelength that can be supported by a given length of string

43
Q

harmonic for open pipes

A

how many half wavelengths are supported by the pipe

number of nodes present

44
Q

equation relating closed pipe length to wavelength

A

gamma = 4L/n

harmonic is an ODD integer

45
Q

harmonic for closed pipe

A

how many quarter wavelengths are supported by the pipe

Kaplan Physics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions