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Kaplan Physics > Ch. 5: Electrostatics and Magnetism > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Electrostatics and Magnetism Flashcards

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1
Q

opposite charges exert what kinds of forces

A

attractive

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2
Q

like charges exert what kinds of forces

A

repulsive

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3
Q

what is a ground

A

a means of returning charge to the earth

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4
Q

what is the unit of charge

A

Coulomb

e = 1.6 E -19 C

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5
Q

what is the charge of a proton

A

+e

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6
Q

what is the charge of an electron

A

-e

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7
Q

how well does an insulator hold and transfer charge

A

do not easily distribute charge and will not transfer charge to another neutral object well

nonmetals

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8
Q

how well does a conductor hold and transfer charge

A

evenly distributes charge and will transport charges

metals and electrolytes

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9
Q

equation for Coulomb’s law

A

F = Kq1q2 / r^2

Force between two charges = [Coulomb’s constant * charge 1 * charge 2] / distance between charges, squared

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10
Q

Coulomb’s constant with units

A

k = 8.9E9 N * m^2 /C^2

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11
Q

which is stronger, gravitational or electrostatic force?

A

electrostatic force by ~10^40

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12
Q

what is Q

A

Q is the source charge that establishes a surrounding electric field

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13
Q

what is q

A

q is a test charge that enters an electric field

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14
Q

equation for E

A

E = F/q = kQ/r^2

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15
Q

what are the units of E

A

N/C

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16
Q

what direction do electric field vectors radiate given a positive source charge

A

electric field vectors radiate outward from a positive source charge

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17
Q

what direction do electric field vectors radiate given a negative source charge

A

electric field vectors radiate inward to a negative source charge

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18
Q

field lines

A

imaginary lines that represent electric field vectors for a source charge

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19
Q

how are density of field lines and field strength related

A

direct relation; stronger field = denser field lines

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20
Q

where is an electric field strongest

A

closest to the source charge

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21
Q

how is directionality of electric force related to directionality of electric field

A

electric field and electric force point in the SAME direction for POSITIVE charges

electric field and electric force point in OPPOSITE direction for NEGATIVE charges

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22
Q

equation for electric potential energy

A

U = kQq / r

EPE = coulomb’s constant * field * point charge / distance

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23
Q

when is electric potential energy positive

A

with like charges

24
Q

when is electric potential energy negative

A

with opposite charges

25
Q

definition of electric potential energy

A

work necessary to move a test charge from infinity to a point in space in an electric field surrounding the test cahrge

26
Q

what causes electric potential energy to change

A

INCREASE - like charges towards each other, opposite charges away from each other (decrease stability)

DECREASE - like charges away from each other, opposite charge toward each other (increase in stability)

27
Q

units of electric potential energy

A

J (EPE represents work)

28
Q

definition of electric potential

A

ratio of the magnitude of a charge’s electric potential energy to the magnitude of the charge itself

29
Q

equation for electric potential

A

V = U/q = kQ/r

30
Q

what are the units of electric potential

A

V (volts) = J/C

31
Q

when is electric potential positive

A

for positive source charges

32
Q

when is electric potential negative

A

for negative source charges

33
Q

voltage

A

potential difference between two points within an electric field

34
Q

potential difference

A

delta V = Vb-Va = Wab/q

35
Q

equipotential line

A

a line on which the potential at every point is the same (the potential difference between any two points is zero)

36
Q

electric potential at a point charge near a dipole

A

V = [kq/r1] - [kq/r2]

37
Q

perpendicular bisector of the dipole

A

plane that lies halfway between the dipole where electric potential is zero

38
Q

electric potential at a point charge far from a dipole

A

V = [kqd/r^2] cos (theta)

39
Q

net torque on a dipole

A

torque = pEsin theta

where theta is the angle the dipole makes with the electric field

40
Q

magnitude of the dipole moment

A

p = qd

41
Q

units of the magnitude of the dipole moment

A

Cm (coulomb meters)

42
Q

magnitude of the uniform electric field produced by a dipole

A

E = [1/4pisigma naught] / [p/r^3]

43
Q

in what direction with torque cause the dipole to orient

A

torque will cause the dipole to orient its dipole moment to the electric field

44
Q

what creates a magnetic field

A

moving charges

45
Q

what is the unit for magnetic field strength

A

tesla (T) or [N * s] / [m * C]

46
Q

diamagnetic materials

A

COMMON materials (wood, skin, glass)

47
Q

paramagnetic materials

A

weakly magnetized in the presence of an external magnetic field

aluminum, copper, gold

48
Q

ferromagnetic materials

A

strongly magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field or under certain temperatures

iron, nickel, cobalt

49
Q

how do field lines flow in a bar magnet

A

from north pole to south pole

50
Q

equation for magnetic field produced by a long and straight current carrying wire

A

B = [mu naught * I] / [2pir]

where r is a perpendicular distance from the wire

51
Q

permeability of free space

A

mu naught = 4pi E -7 T*m/A

52
Q

equation for magnetic field at the center of a circular loop of current carrying wire

A

B = [mu naught * I] / [2*r]

where r is the radius of the loop

53
Q

what do magnetic fields exert their forces on

A

moving charges only

54
Q

Lorentz force

A

sum of electrostatic and magnetic forces

55
Q

equation for magnetic force exerted on a charge in a magnetic field

A

F = qvB sin theta

56
Q

equation for magnetic force of a current carrying wire

A

F = ILB sin theta

Kaplan Physics (7 decks)

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