CH 7 The Excretory System removes waste products

Question 1

What is the afferent arteriole?

Answer 1

the blood vessel that enters a organ

Question 2

What is the collecting duct?

Answer 2

the tube in the kidney collects filtrate from several nephrons

Question 3

What is creatine?

Answer 3

A waste product from the breakdown of muscles

Question 4

What is deamination?

Answer 4

The removal of the amino acid group from an amino acid molecule

Question 5

What is dialysis?

Answer 5

a method of removing waste from the blood when kidney failure occurs

Question 6

What is the distal convuluted tubule?

Answer 6

The second set of convulutions of the kidney tubule; it received the forming urine after it has passed through the loop of Henle

Question 7

What is the efferent arteriole?

Answer 7

The blood vessel that leaves a glomerulus in the kidney

Question 8

What is the facultative reabsorption?

Answer 8

the process whereby carrier proteins assist the movement of substances through the cell membrane

Question 9

What is filtrate?

Answer 9

the fluid remaining after filtration has taken place

Question 10

What is the glomerular capsule?

Answer 10

the double walled cup like structure at the end of each kidney tubule; it collects filtred water and other substances from the blood

Question 11

What is glomerular filtration?

Answer 11

The filtration of blood in the kidney

Question 12

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 12

tightly coiled mass of capillaries that is surrounded by the expanded part of each kidney tubule

Question 13

What is harm-haemodialysis?

Answer 13

process in which the blood is passed through an artificial kidney

Question 14

What is kidney failure?

Answer 14

occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to excrete wastes and control the level of fluid the body

Question 15

What is a kidney stone?

Answer 15

solid masses of crystals that develop within the kidneys

Question 16

What are the kidneys?

Answer 16

the principle excretory organs of the human body; they filter waste from the blood and regulate the balance of water and salts in the blood plasma

Question 17

What is the liver?

Answer 17

organ that is part of the excretory system

Question 18

What is the loop of henle?

Answer 18

the u shaped section of the kidney tubule; plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate

Question 19

What is the lung?

Answer 19

one of a pair of organs for gas exchange occupying the chest cavity

Question 20

What is a nephron?

Answer 20

the functional unit of the kidney

Question 21

what is peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 21

dialysis occurring inside the body using the peritoneum as the membrane across which wastes can be removed

Question 22

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 22

the membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity

Question 23

What is the peritubular capillaries?

Answer 23

the capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, the loop of henle and the collecting duct

Question 24

What is the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 24

the first set of convolutions of the kidney tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of henle

Question 25

What is the renal artery?

Answer 25

the blood vessel that transports blood into the kidney

Question 26

What is the renal capsule?

Answer 26

a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney

Question 27

What is the renal column?

Answer 27

an extension of the renal cortex that divides the renal medulla into renal pyramids

Question 28

What is the renal corpuscle?

Answer 28

the filtration structure of the nephron composed of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 29

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 29

the outer part of the kidney

Question 30

What is the renal hilum?

Answer 30

a depression in the kidney where blood vessels and the ureter enter

Question 31

What is the renal medulla?

Answer 31

the inner part of the kidney

Question 32

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 32

the cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter

Question 33

What is the pyramid?

Answer 33

a section of the renal medulla

Question 34

What is the renal tubule?

Answer 34

the kidney tubule; it leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct

Question 35

What is the renal vein?

Answer 35

the blood vessel transporting blood away from the kidney

Question 36

What is selective reabsorption?

Answer 36

the reabsorption of some substances and not others in the renal tubules

Question 37

what are sweat glands?

Answer 37

tubular structures in the skin that produce sweat

Question 38

what is tubular secretion?

Answer 38

the process whereby ions and drugs are secreted from the blood into the kidney tubule

Question 39

What is the ureter?

Answer 39

the tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder

Question 40

What is uric acid?

Answer 40

a breakdown product of the metabolism of purines such as the bases adenine and guanine found in DNA and RNA

Question 41

What is the urinary system?

Answer 41

the system composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra that is responsible for the excretion of wastes, the regulation of blood volume, pressure and pH as well as the concentration of chemicals

Question 42

What is urine?

Answer 42

the fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials