CH 3 Cells Undergo Chemical Reactions

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism

Question 2

What is catabolism?

Answer 2

Chemical reactions that break down large organic molecules into smaller ones with the release of energy

Question 3

What is anabolism?

Answer 3

The process of combining small molecules to make larger ones that requires energy (synthesis)

Question 4

What is a nutrient?

Answer 4

Any substance in food that provides energy is essential for growth, or assists in the functioning of the body

Question 5

What is an organic compound?

Answer 5

Substances that have large molecules and contain carbon, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Question 6

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 6

Organic molecules that are the main source of energy for cells

Question 7

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 7

A simple sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose

Question 8

What is a disaccharides?

Answer 8

Two simple sugar molecules bonded together

Question 9

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 9

Many simple sugar molecules bonded together

Question 10

What is a lipid?

Answer 10

Large organic molecules made up of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 11

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 11

The most common form of lipid, made up of glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 12

What is a protein?

Answer 12

Very large organic molecule made up of amino acids

Question 13

What is an amino acid?

Answer 13

Small molecules that join together to make proteins

Question 14

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 14

A bond between an amino acid group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid

Question 15

What is a dipeptide?

Answer 15

Two amino acids bonded together by a peptide bond

Question 16

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 16

Ten or more amino acids bonded together

Question 17

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 17

Molecules containing many nucleotides forming a chain; includes ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 18

What is an inorganic compound?

Answer 18

Not containing carbon (eg, water, oxygen) or having small molecules (eg, carbon dioxide)

Question 19

What is activation energy?

Answer 19

The energy needed to break the bonds of the reacting particles in a chemical reaction

Question 20

What is a catalyst?

Answer 20

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed

Question 21

What is an enzyme?

Answer 21

An organic substance that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered or destroyed in the change

Question 22

What is a substrate?

Answer 22

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts

Question 23

What is an active site?

Answer 23

The part of an enzyme molecule that combines with the substrate

Question 24

What is an enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 24

The structure formed when an enzyme and a substrate combine

Question 25

Is the enzyme the lock or key?

Answer 25

The enzyme is the Key

Question 26

Is the substrate the lock or key?

Answer 26

The substrate is the lock

Question 27

What does denature mean?

Answer 27

To change the molecular structure of a protein by heating a change in pH, adding detergents or shaking

Question 28

What are cofactors?

Answer 28

The ions or inorganic molecules required by enzymes to catalyse a reaction

Question 29

What are coenzymes?

Answer 29

Non protein organic molecules that are essential for the functioning of an enzyme

Question 30

What are enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 30

A substance that slows or stops an enzymes activity

Question 31

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 31

The chemical reactions that make energy available for the cell

Question 32

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 32

A molecule that stores energy in cells; the energy stored in the bond between the end phosphate group and the rest of the molecule

Question 33

What is adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

Answer 33

The substance formed when the end phosphate group is removed from a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 34

What is glycolysis?

Answer 34

The breakdown of a glucose molecule to pyruvic acid; it releases energy to form two molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 35

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 35

Respiration that does not require oxygen

Question 36

What is cytosol?

Answer 36

The liquid part of the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 37

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 37

Extra oxygen required in addition to the normal resting requirement, to remove the lactic acid produced during exercise

Question 38

What is oxygen recovery?

Answer 38

The extra oxygen needed to 'recover' after exercise

Question 39

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 39

Respiration requiring oxygen

Question 40

What is the citric acid cycle? | Also known as the Krebs Cycle

Answer 40

The series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration here acetyl CoA enters and carbon dioxide is released

Question 41

What is the electron transport system?

Answer 41

A series of chemical reactions occurring in the mitochondria