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IBM > CH 7 : The Decision-Making Process > Flashcards

CH 7 : The Decision-Making Process Flashcards

1
Q

technological competency

A

kemampuan mengerti teknologi baru dan memanfaatkannya sebaik mungkin

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2
Q

information competency

A

menemukan, mengumpulkan, mengatur, menunjukkan informasi untuk decision making

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3
Q

analytical competency

A

mengevaluasi dan menganalisis informasi

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4
Q

data

A

fakta mentah dan observation

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5
Q

informasi

A

data menjadi berguna dan bermakna

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6
Q

timely

A

informasi tersedia ketika dibutuhkan

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7
Q

high quality

A

info akurat dan dpt dipercaya

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8
Q

complete

A

info lengkap , up to date

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9
Q

relevant

A

sesuai dengan tugas yg ada, bebas dr material asing

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10
Q

understandable

A

info jelas dan dpt dimengerti

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11
Q

management information system

A

menggunakan tech terkini utk mengkoleksi, mengatur, mendistribusikan data

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12
Q

intelligence information untuk

A

menghadapi customer, competitor, other stakeholder

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13
Q

data mining

A

proses menganalisis data utk memproduksi informasi

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14
Q

big data

A

dlm quantity besar dan susah utk diproses tanpa matematika canggih dan teknik komputasi

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15
Q

analytics

A

pengumpulan sistematis dan pengolahan data

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16
Q

business intelligence

A

proses penyadapan/penambangan sistem informasi utk mmengambil dan melaporkan data

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17
Q

executive dashboard

A

scr visual menunjukkan dan memperbarui key performance metric melalui bentuk graph/chart.scorecard

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18
Q

managers as information processors

A

terus mengumpulkan, memberi, menerima informasi

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19
Q

performance threat

A

ada sesuatu yg salah/sudah salah.kinerja sbenarnya kurang dari yg diinginkan

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20
Q

performance opportunity

A

menawarkan kesempatan utk kinerja yg lebih baik

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21
Q

problem avoiders

A

mengabaikan informasi, mengumpulkan info scr pasif, tdk mau membuat keputusan

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22
Q

problem solvers

A

mau membuat keputusan dan memecahkan masalah tapi hny ketika dipaksa situasi . berhadapan dgn baik performance threat tp melewatkan performance opportunities

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23
Q

problem seekers

A

proaktif mencari masalah utk diselesaikan bahkan sblm tjd. pny pemikiran maju, mengantisipasi performance action dan threat, mengambil preemptive action

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24
Q

systematic thinking

A

menghadapi masalah scr rational, step by step, analytical process, slow dan methodical. membuat plan sblm mengambil action

25
Q

intuitive thinking

A

fleksibel dan spointan, menghadapi byk aspek sekaligus mempertimbangkan firasat/ide spontan, bekerja dgn baik ketika fakta terbatas

26
Q

multidimensional thinking

A

melihat byk problem scr serentak, baik long/short time horizon

27
Q

strategic opportunism

A

kemampuan tetap fokus dlm long term objective sambil memecahkan short term problem scr fleksibel

28
Q

sensation thinkers

A

menekankan impersonal drpd personal, mengambil pendekatan realistis, suka hard facts, tujuan jelas, kepastian

29
Q

intuitive thinkers

A

nyaman dgn abstraksi, situasi tdk terstruktur, cenderung idealistic, rentan thdp posisi intelektual dan teoritis, cenderung menghindari detail

30
Q

intuitive feelers

A

menyukai issue global dan luas, insightful, mementingkan fleksibilitas dan human relationship

31
Q

sensation feelers

A

menekankan baik analisis maupun human relation, pendekatan realistis , lbh suka fakta drpd spekulasi, open communicator dan sensitif thdp feeling dan value

32
Q

programmed decision

A

menggunakan solusi yg sudah tersedia dr pengalaman sebelumnya

33
Q

nonprogrammed decision

A

situasi baru dibuat khusus utk menemukan permintaan dari situasi unik yg tjd

34
Q

certain environment

A

komplit, lengkap dengan factual information, rapi dan nyaman utk decision maker

35
Q

risk environment

A

kekurangan info dan tdk lengkap, menggunakan probabilities utk mengira”`

36
Q

uncertain environment

A

ketika fakta sedikit, info sgt tidak lengkap, manager tdk dpt menetapkan kemungkinan hasilnya

37
Q

step 1 decision making process

A

mencari dan mengidentifikasi masalah (mengumpulkan info, decision objective hrs dibuat)

38
Q

common mistake dalam defining problems

A

mendefinisikan masalah trll luas/sempit, fokus ke gejala drpd penyebab, memilih problem yg salah utk dihadapi dlm titik wkt tertentu

39
Q

step 2 decision making process

A

menghasilkan dan mengevaluasi tindakan alternatif

40
Q

kesalahan paling sering dlm step 2

A

meninggalkan pencarian alternatif dan evaluasi dlm konsekuensi mereka trll cepat akibat ketidaksabaran, time pressure, lack of commitment

41
Q

step 3 decision making process

A

memilih tindakan yg diutamakan

42
Q

classical decision model

A

pilihan rasional diutamakan . manager menghadapi problem yg jelas shg membuat optimizing decision

43
Q

behavioral decision model

A

ada cognitive limitation dlm kemampuan human information processing. membuat manager susah utk fully informed, membuat bounded rationality

44
Q

satisfacting decision

A

memilih satisfactory alternative pertama yg menarik perhatian

45
Q

step 4 decision making process

A

implement the decision - mengambil keputusan utk memastikan solusi jadi realita, manager hrs punya kemauan

46
Q

step 5 decision making process

A

mengevaluasi hasil, pembandingan antara yg nyata dan hasil yg diinginkan. jika gagal, kembali ke step awal

47
Q

ethical reasoning

A

utility, rights, justice, caring

48
Q

heuristic

A

strategi menyederhanakan decision making

49
Q

framing error

A

problem dievaluasi dan dipecahkan dlm konteks dimana dirasakan baik scr positif/negatif

50
Q

availability bias

A

menilai situasi skrg dengan menggunakan informasi dri ingatan

51
Q

representative bias

A

menilai kemungkinan berdasar kemiripan dgn stereotype kejadian

52
Q

anchoring and adjustment bias

A

decision dipengaruhi rasa hormat thdp nilai sblmnya

53
Q

confirmation error

A

menyadari , menerima, mencari informasi yg mengkonfirmasi dgn decision yg dibuat

54
Q

escalating commitment

A

decision utk meningkatkan effort

55
Q

big c creativity

A

hal luar biasa dilakukan oleh org luar biasa

56
Q

little c creativity

A

org biasa mampu menghadirkan cara unik

57
Q

design thinking

A

membuka creativity dlm decision making melalui proses pengalaman, ideation, prototyping

58
Q

personal creativity drivers

A

motivation,skill,expertise

59
Q

situational creativity drivers

A

team creativity skill, management support, organizational culture

IBM (5 decks)

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