Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Ch. 7 skeletal system > Flashcards

Ch. 7 skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal system is composed of:

A

bone, bone marrow, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bone tissue often called_________.

A

osseous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

functions of bone include:

A

-support and protection
-framework
-mineral homeostasis
-blood cell production
-energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

long bones:

A

femur, humerus, radius, metacarpals, phalanxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

short bones:

A

carpals and tarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

flat bones:

A

bones of cranium, scapulae, sternum, hips, and ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

irregular bone:

A

vertebrae and facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sesamoid bones:

A

patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

wormain bones(sutural):

A

bones between/within the sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 distinct areas/regions of long bones

A

diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

shaft, contains yellow bone marrow and blood vessels, nerves

A

diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ends, contain red bone marrow

A

epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

small area between epiphysis and diaphysis, usually where growth plates are found

A

metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

covers each end of long bone

A

articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

articular cartilage-

A

provides protection and reduces friction joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

periosteum

A

-contains osteoblasts
-aids bone growth in diameter, repair, and nutrition
-points of attachment for tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

marrow cavity (medullary)

A

contains yellow bone marrow, blood vessels, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lining of medullary cavity

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endosteum-

A

contains osteoclasts and osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bone is considered ____________.

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bone:

A

-vascular
-fewer cells compared to matrix
-nerve supply
-collagen fibers within bone give strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

intercellular material generally needed for strength

A

matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bone matrix composed of:

A

25% water
25% protein fibers
50% mineral salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 types of cells found in bone

A

osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

-unspecialized cells
-can undergo mitosis
-eventually mature and turn into osteoclasts/osteoblasts

A

osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-build new bone tissue, functions in growth, remodeling, and repair
-make collagen and elastin fibers
-mature and turn into osteocytes

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

-referred to as mature bone cells
-maintains bone tissue

A

osteocytes

28
Q

-bone cells that break down bone
-remodeling and repair

A

osteoclasts

29
Q

compact bone (cortical)

A

-dense bone covering all bones
-diaphysis of long bones
-support, strengthen, protect

30
Q

found in epiphysis area of long bones

A

spongy bone

31
Q

spongy bone (cancellous)

A

consists of numerous bony plates called trabecular, spaces between bony plates help reduce bone’s weight and gives place for red bone marrow

32
Q

red bone marrow function:

A

hemopoiesis

33
Q

spongy bone covered on outside with___________.

A

compact bone

34
Q

bone formation

A

ossification

35
Q

hardening of bone

A

calcification (mineralization)

36
Q

blood cell formation

A

hematopoiesis

37
Q

constant breaking down of bone and rebuilding of new bone in its place

A

remodeling

38
Q

hole or opening in a bone through which nerves and blood vessels enter and exit a bone

39
Q

a bone disorder in which bone density decreases

A

osteoporosis

40
Q

any break in a bone

41
Q

an area of cartilage in the metaphysis of a long bone that turns to bone and allows bone to lengthen

A

growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

42
Q

ossification begins in _________________.

A

6-7th week of embryonic life

43
Q

bones of an infant are _____________________ as bones absorb calcium.

A

soft and then begins to calcify

44
Q

bones formed from cartilage

A

endochondral ossification

45
Q

bones formed from fibrous tissue

A

intramembranous ossification

46
Q

intramembranous ossification-

A

cranial bones, mandible, maxillae, clavicle

47
Q

endochondral ossification-

A

all other bones other than cranial bones, mandible, maxillae, clavicle

48
Q

growth in _______ stops at age 18-25 but growth in _________ may continue throughout your life.

A

length, diameter

49
Q

factors that influence growth:

A

-nutrition
-hormone secretion
-physical exercise

50
Q

only mechanism for bones to lengthen

A

epiphyseal plate

51
Q

growth in diameter is controlled by

A

periosteum

52
Q

hormones that control growth

A

-human growth hormone
-estrogen and testosterone
-thyroid and parathyroid hormone

53
Q

bone repair is slow because:

A

-bone cells reproduce and grow slowly
-fewer bone cells within bone tissue
-calcium and phosphorus is deposited slowly
-blood supply decreased during injury

54
Q

hard to heal because they are avascular tissues and have slow replication rate

A

cartilage, tendons, ligaments

55
Q

help increase strength through increased deposition of minerals and production of collagen fibers

A

bone stresses (weight bearing activities)

56
Q

without __________ normal bone remodeling slows done and bone density decreases

57
Q

exercises helps

A

build and retain bone mass/density

58
Q

demineralization

A

loss of minerals from matrix

59
Q

begins due to increase in sex hormones

A

demineralization

60
Q

demineralization ages in women and men

A

women-30
men-50 to 60

61
Q

bone stores more than ___ of all calcium in the body

62
Q

too much _______ in the blood can stop the heart and too little can cause breathing to stop

63
Q

blood calcium too high

A

thyroid gland—calcitonin—osteoblasts

64
Q

blood calcium too low

A

parathyroid gland–PTH-osteoclasts

65
Q

calcium’s functions in the body

A

-strength
-muscle contraction
-nerve impulses
-blood clotting
-co-enzymes

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions