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Anatomy > Ch. 2 Chemistry > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

branch of science that studies matter, its composition, its properties, and how matter reacts with other matter

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything that has mass and volume

A

matter

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3
Q

smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element

A

atom

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4
Q

composed of protons, neutrons, electrons

A

atoms

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5
Q

group of like atoms combined together that cannot be separated into simpler.

A

element

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6
Q

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

A

compound

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7
Q

forces that hold the atoms together in a compound or molecule form

A

chemical bonds

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8
Q

7 most abundant elements in body

A

1 oxygen
2 carbon
3 hydrogen
4 nitrogen
5 calcium
6 phosphorus
7 potassium

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9
Q

abundancy of oxygen

A

65%

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10
Q

abundancy of carbon

A

18.5%

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11
Q

abundancy of hydrogen

A

9.5%

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12
Q

abundancy of nitrogen

A

3.2%

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13
Q

abundancy of calcium

A

1.5%

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14
Q

abundancy of phosphorus

A

1%

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15
Q

abundancy of potassium

A

0.4%

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16
Q

The next 4 most common elements in the body:

A

sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium

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17
Q

elements that are all together less than 0.1% in the human body

A

trace elements

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18
Q

trace elements include:

A

Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, I, F

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19
Q

energy levels contain a maximum of:

A

2, 8, 18, 32 electrons per energy level

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20
Q

when the number of electrons and protons are the same

A

neutral

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21
Q

the atom´s most outermost energy level full of electrons

A

stable

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22
Q

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

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23
Q

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic mass number

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24
Q

tells how many energy levels an atom has

A

period number

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25
Q

tells how many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom (valence electrons)

A

roman numeral

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26
Q

atoms of an element with different number of neutrons in its nucleus

A

isotope

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27
Q

a charged atom

A

ion

28
Q

elements that have a different number of protons than electrons

A

ions

29
Q

chemical symbol red:

A

gas at room temp

30
Q

chemical symbol blue:

A

liquid at room temp

31
Q

chemical symbol black:

A

solid at room temp

32
Q

no chemical symbol:

A

synthetic element

33
Q

bonds found between metals and nonmetals that hold atoms together in compound form

A

ionic bond

34
Q

formed when electrons are exchanged between atoms

A

ionic

35
Q

bonds found between nonmetals that hold the atoms together in compound or molecule form

A

covalent bond

36
Q

formed when electrons are shared between non-metals

A

covalent bond

37
Q

when 2 or more atoms are covalently combined

A

molecule

38
Q

when 2 or more different atoms combine in a fixed composition

A

compound

39
Q

metals on periodic table

A

mostly the left, starting at a diagonal down at Al, except not H

40
Q

nonmetal

A

all the right starting at C diagonal down and H

41
Q

metalloid

A

B diagonal down and Ge diagonal down, only 7

42
Q

elements react to become __________

A

stable

43
Q

A + B = AB

A

synthesis

44
Q

AB= A + B

A

decomposition

45
Q

AB + CD = AC + BD

A

exchange

46
Q

reactions in which the products can turn back into the reactants

A

reversible reactions

47
Q

synthesize larger molecules from smaller molecules

A

anabolic reactions

48
Q

substances that can change the rate of reaction without being consumed

A

catalysts

49
Q

break down larger molecules into smaller ones

A

catabolic reactions

50
Q

substances that release ions in water

A

electrolytes

51
Q

electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water

A

acid

52
Q

electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions (often described as releasing hydroxide ions)

A

base

53
Q

measures the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

A

pH scale

54
Q

.1-6.9

A

considered an acid on pH scale

55
Q

7

A

considered neutral on pH scale

56
Q

7.1-14

A

considered a base on pH scale

57
Q

substances that do not release ions when dissolved in water

A

non electrolytes

58
Q

_________ drives the movement of matter within and between the systems of the human body

A

energy

59
Q

pH scale of gastric juice

A

2 acidic

60
Q

pH scale of human blood

A

7.4 basic

61
Q

pH scale of sodium bicarbonate

A

8.4 basic

62
Q

pH scale of household ammonia

A

11.5 basic

63
Q

chemicals that resist pH change

A

buffers

64
Q

the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule

A

molecular formula

65
Q

single lines represent single bonds and double lines represent double bonds

A

structural formula

Anatomy (4 decks)

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