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Personality PSY206 > Ch 7 Physiological Approaches (class 9-10) > Flashcards

Ch 7 Physiological Approaches (class 9-10) Flashcards

1
Q

What does physiology mean

A

Functionning of organs within the body

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2
Q

Pros

Studying personality by looking at physiology

A

Many diff systems / approaches

Reliable tools

Quantifiable

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3
Q

Cons Studying personality by looking at physiology

A

Can be stressful

Expensive equipment

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4
Q

6 Main brain parts / lobes

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal 
Spinal cord 
Cerebellum
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5
Q

Frontal lobe is responsible for

A 
Motor control
Concentration planning 
Problem solving
Speech
Smell
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6
Q

Temporal lobe is responsible for

A

Hearing

Facial recognition

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7
Q

Temporal lobe is responsible for

A

Hearing
Facial recognition
Reading in part

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8
Q

Occipital lobe is responsible for

A

Vision

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9
Q

Parietal lobe is responsible for

A

Touch and pressure Taste Body awareness

Language in part

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10
Q

Two ways of looking at the brain

A

Structually

Functionally

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11
Q

Why look at brain structure

A

See Damage

See volume size differences

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12
Q

Why look at brain structure

A

See Damage (brain injury studies diff before after)

See volume size differences

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13
Q

How looking at brain structure can go wrong

A

Phrenology

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14
Q

What is Broca’s Aphasia

brain injury studies

A

Damage to Broca’s area

Unable to articulate what we think

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15
Q

Phones Gage

brain injury studies

A

Damage frontal lobe

Changes personality, short temper, less agreeable etc.

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16
Q

Patient KC

brain injury studies

A

Motorcycle accident head trauma

Amnesia / Personality changes less risk taking

Concept diffuse damage

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17
Q

How to look at brain structure

A

CT (Computed Tomography)

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

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18
Q

Looking at brain structure What is CT

A

CT (Computed Tomography)

bunch of XRays 3D-image see fluid etc

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19
Q

Looking at brain structure what is MRI

A

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Magnet water molecule, radio wave pick up signal molecules.

Can see bleeding tumors etc

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20
Q

Why look at brain function

A

what part of brain involved in what task

How are different areas connected.

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21
Q

How can we look at brain function

A 
EEG
fMRI
PET
DTI
fNIRS
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22
Q

What is EEG

A

Electroencephalography

Use of Evoked Potentials (EPs)

Watching brain response to stimuli

Measures through scalp skin conductance

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23
Q

What is fMRI

A

functional Magnetic resonance imaging

Shows areas of the brain that are working during a task

Follows the tracking of blood flow

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24
Q

What is PET

A

Positron emission Tomography

Requires use of radioactive material injection

Traces the path of materials through the brain (marked by radioative materials)
Blood flow
Oxygen
Glucose metabolism
Drug uses

(fluo flu brain)

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25
Q

What Is DTI

A

Diffusion tensor imaging

fluo cool lines in brain

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26
Q

What is fNIRS

A

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Cap infrared activity …

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27
Q

What is the central N.S

A

Brain & spinal cord

Messages between body - brain through nerves.

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28
Q

In the C.N.S

What is the peripheral N.S

A

Connects central nervous system to the rest of body via nerves

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29
Q

In the C.N.S
In the P.N.S

What are the 2 branches of the peripheral N.S

A

Somatic N.S (voluntary mvmt)

Autonomic N.S (Uncons mvmt)

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30
Q

In the C.N.S
In the P.N.S
In the S.N.S

What are the 2 branches of the Somatic N.S

A

Sensory Input
5 senses

Motor Output
Fine & Gross motor skills

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31
Q

In the C.N.S
In the P.N.S

What are the 2 branches of the Autonomic N.S

A

Sympathetic
stress fight flight

Parasympathetic
Rest digest

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32
Q

How can we measure stress response

A

Reactivity to stimuli

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33
Q

Physiological measures

Cardiovascular activity

A

Heart rate blood pressure

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34
Q

Physiological measures

Respiration

A

breathing rate

Combination with cardiovascular

35
Q

Physiological measures

Skin Conductance

A

electrodermal activity

Measure of the autonomic system

Fight or flight response
Measure sweat in the skin

Scare, emotions anxiety fear guilt

36
Q

Physiological measures Hormones

A

Cortisol - stress response

Testosterone - Agression, competiviness.

37
Q

Psysiological measures

Neurotransmitters

A

Tested through blood

Dopamine - pleasure
Seratonin - mood stabilizer
Norepinephrine - stress resp

38
Q

Physiological measures

Eye tracking

A

Follow eye movement

See interest attention

39
Q

Reactivity -

A

How we respond to stimuli - environment around us

Reward punishment
Sensation seeking

40
Q

Beyond Reactivity -

A

Circathian rythmas

Brain asymmetry

41
Q

Eysenck & Activation (take 1)

A

Thought there was a

Key neurosystem: Ascending reticular activating systems (ARAS)
Resting arousal level

Introverts
Higher levels in ARAS
External stimuli = overwhelming 
Extroverts
Lower levels in ARAS
External stimuli = helpful
42
Q

Optimal level of arousal

A

Useful vs stressful

Motivation vs overload

43
Q

Is the arousal level the same in Extroverts and Introverts?

A

Yes at rest

BUT

React differently to stimuli

44
Q

Eysenck & Arousability (take 2)

A

Arousal response

Introverts
Need less stimulation to reach optimal level
Over-arousal is a risk
Extroverts
Need more stimulation to reach optimal level
Under-arousal is a risk

45
Q

Reward & Punishment - Reactivity

Reinforcement Sensitivity theory

A

Gray

Based on (hypothetical) biological system

Behavioural activation system (BAS) :)
Behavioural inhibition system (BIS) :(

46
Q

Reward & Punishment - Reactivity
(Reinforcement Sensitivity theory)

What is BAS :)

A

Behavioural activation system (BAS)

Approach drive

Responsive to incentive stimuli
Rewards
New experiences
New people

47
Q

Reward & Punishment - Reactivity
(Reinforcement Sensitivity theory)

What is BIS :(

A

Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)

Withdrawl drive

Responsive to punishment stimuli
Fear of consequences
Fear of the unfamiliar
Fear of judgement

48
Q

Extraversion
Emotional stability. Neurotic
Introversion

A

BIS (Up left)

BAS (Up right)

49
Q

BAS BIS links to personality

impulsivity - Anxiety

A

Impulsivity
High BAS sensitive to reward seek + emotions stimuli

Anxious
High BIS, sensitive to cues punishment, stress, novelty, risk - emotions anxiety, fear, sadness.

50
Q

BAS BIS life outcomes

impulsivity - Anxiety

A

Impulsivity
Don’t learn well from punishment
More likely to engage in risky (potentially illegal) behaviours

Anxiety
Don’t trust rewards
Less likely to engage in novel or potentially risky situations
More likely to be closed off and self-limiting

51
Q

In the middle BAS BIS

A 
Consider shyness
Not outgoing
Not introverted
Still want to be engaged in social world
But fearful
52
Q

What prompts strenuous activity (beyond optimal level of arousal)

A

Sensation seeking - Gambling

53
Q

Sensation Seeking and Gambling

A

Winning is an excellent positive emotion/sensation and motivator

High sensation seekers love the rush of winning
At risk for gambling behaviours

54
Q

Sensation seeking and video games

describe study overwatch

A

Are videogame microtransactions similar to traditional slot-machine gambling?

Does rarity of certain rewards heighten arousal?

Does this increase chances of continuing to pay for rewards?

55
Q

Sensation seeking and video games

results study overwatch

A

Rarity = greater arousal, more positive emotions, and more urge-inducing

Obtaining reward items gave similar arousal to earning money via slot-machines

Increased urge to find and open (and pay for) more boxes
Gambling behaviour

56
Q

Parts of a neurones

A

Axon
Nucleus
Dendrites info in
Axon terminals info out

57
Q

What is MAO

A

Monoamine Oxidase

Enzime
Monitors levels of neurotransmitters

58
Q

What happens when high MAO

Monoamine Oxidase

A

Not enough neurotransmitter = less nerve transmission

Dulled sensation, lethargy

59
Q

What happens when low MAO

Monoamine Oxidase

A

Too much neurotransmitter = too much nerve transmission

Lots of sensory information, jitteriness

60
Q

MAO and personality

Monoamine Oxidase

A

Personality
Not based on base reactivity level
Based on MAO levels

Low sensation seeking, more risk averse
High MAO

High sensation seeking, less risk averse
Low MAO

61
Q

3 important neurotransmitters in personality

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine

62
Q

Dopamine

A

Pleasure
‘Feel good’ neurotransmitter

High dopamine
Competitiveness, aggression, low impulse control ADHD

Low dopamine
Low motivation, low concentration
Anxiety, (also) ADHD

63
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood stabilizer

High serotonin
Too much regulation
Low arousal

Low serotonin
Not enough regulation
Anxiety, depression

64
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Stress
Fight or flight system

High norepinephrine
Worry, anxiety
Insomnia 
Irritability
Anxiety, mania

Low norepinephrine
Low arousal and motivation
Fatigue
Depression, ADHD

65
Q

Difference Personality Psychopathology

A

Personality - Who we are as an individual

Psychopathology - How our traits may make our quality of life poorer

66
Q

Tridemensional personality theory

A

Cloninger

3 personality traits 3 Neurotransmitters

67
Q

Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 scale)

Trait = Novelty seeking

Brain system = Behavioural activation

Neurotransmitter = Dopamine

Behaviour = Exploratory, avoidance of punishment boredom, motivation to seek potential rewards.

A

= Dopamine

When it’s low = we seek external replacement

Novelty excitement.

68
Q

Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 scale)

Trait = Harm avoidance

Brain System = Behavioural inhibition

Neurotransmitter = Serotonin

Behaviours = Avoid punish + novelty.

A

Not necessarily just serotonin levels = serotonin regulation

Low harm avoidance
Energetic, outgoing, optimistic

High harm avoidance
Cautious, inhibited, shy

69
Q

Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 scale)

Trait = Reward dependence

Brain system = Behavioural maintenance

Neurotransmitter = Norepinephrine

Behaviours= work towards reward or avoid punishment

A

High in reward dependence trait = low norepinephrine

Persistent
Goal motivated

70
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

Rate on 3 traits according to Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 / low to high scale)

A

Novelty seeking = High
Harm avoidance = Low
Reward dependence = Low

71
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

Rate on 3 traits according to Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 / low to high scale)

A

Novelty seeking = High
Harm avoidance = Low
Reward dependence = High

72
Q

Passive agressive personality disorder

Rate on 3 traits according to Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 / low to high scale)

A

Novelty seeking = High
Harm avoidance = High
Reward dependence = High

73
Q

Obsessional personality disorder

Rate on 3 traits according to Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 / low to high scale)

A

Novelty seeking = Low
Harm avoidance = High
Reward dependence = Low

74
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

Rate on 3 traits according to Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 / low to high scale)

A

Novelty seeking = Low
Harm avoidance = Low
Reward dependence = Low

75
Q

Tridemensional personality theory (on a +3 to -3 / low to high scale)

Life outcomes

A

Addiction
High novelty seeking = alcohol to supplement low dopamine
High harm avoidance = alcohol to relieve stress

Violent offense
High novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, low reward dependence

76
Q

Difference Reactive & Non Reactive physiology

A

Reactive – outside world triggers the personality

Non-reactive – baseline settings
Even before reactive

77
Q

Brain Asymmetry

A

Measured via EEG

Differences in alpha waves – sleepy wave
Less alpha wave = more reactivity

In general:
Left side activation: pleasant emotions
Right side activation: unpleasant emotions

78
Q

What are the brain waves

A 
Beta
Alpha 
Delta
Theta
Gamma
79
Q

Right side asymmetry links to personality

A

Greater reactivity and processing of negative stimuli

More susceptible to stress, anxiety, depression

80
Q

Left sided asymmetry

A

Greater reactivity and processing of positive stimuli
Generally happy
More susceptible to mania

81
Q

Sleep wake cycles

A

Circadian Rythms

Biological process 24-25h’s cycle
Body temperature
Endocrine system

82
Q

Short biorhythm =

A

Early birds
+- 22 hour rhythm

Peak temperatures and alertness early in the day

Energy early in the day
Sleepy earlier

83
Q

Long biorhythm =

A

Night owls.
+- 26 hour rhythm

Peak temperature and alertness later in the day

Harder to wake up
Later to go to sleep

84
Q

Life outcomes biorhythms

A

9-5 work week = best for short biorhythm

Personal relationships
Mismatch between rhythms can lead to

interpersonal difficulties

Caffeine consumption
Long biorhythm = caffeine early in the day
Short biorhythm = caffeine late at night

Personality PSY206 (7 decks)

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